The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example

The Satanic Bible Review Paper Paper on The Satanic Bible All things considered, obviously, no such name is difficult to alarm. Indeed, even astonishment What's more, it isn't so intriguing LaVey and others like them, that he as far as anyone knows makes over something to consider and something raises doubt about - . Any clever individual who has perused cautiously the Bible, he discovers explanations behind uncertainty, faltering and examinations . Strangely another. Otherworldliness as a marvel has its underlying foundations in Gnosticism a similar clique of sacrosanct information, a similar supremacy picked educated and, as needs be, vsedozvodennosti. Makes what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is dependent upon the will.., As another figure who has put the mysterious on a transport line business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Demonessy evil presences, divine beings and succubi kids, etc. Can change camouflages and move around this antiquated fire inconclusively. One thing stays unaltered the tricky simplicity of procuring information (interminability, salvation, freedom to proceed with the rundown yourself). however, this has nothing to Horsham no. For it is stated: the doors of salvation squeezed We will compose a custom paper test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They (the Gnostics, and thus the soothsayers) composes S. Trubetskoy there is an outrageous articulation of the profound Gnostics plebeians parvenus, fruitful middle class, extended the triumphant ticket.. also, in this way genuinely detest all who are abandoned, the choose of the boat. also, as this world seems to be, as they would like to think, rubbish and soil, the articulation from clothes to newfound wealth can be ascribed to him truly. Furthermore, further: at the outset, they appear to be harmless enough: a little gathering of inquisitive weirdos uncovers some riddle of the antiquated sages (In the old time - the mystery disclosure ). This the inedible and exhausting drivel (Berdyaev contrasted the book Blavatsky and a manual on mineralogy), in any case, it has one appealing component the impact of the granddad focuses (recollect the animation: owlet saw that his granddad the insightful owl before you offer another guidance wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet concluded that all the insider facts of astuteness are encased in these glasses.. Focuses he absolutely pulled off, and even sang a melody: I have an enchantment glasses Ill wear them, and in a moment, one-two, one-two, know all, similar to an owls granddad!). Goodness, those on more than one occasion! .. Anyway troublesome it is to peruse these compositions (and recall, and that hard!), The most significant thing is that they don't have to fathom and comprehen d. No demanding idea, no profound endeavors read the booklet, and state-of-the-art (if by so abhorred them instructed soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew precisely that with him we can not concur). Straightforwardness climb is drawing in new devotees, and bit by bit in the network to make a perspective, the foundation against which such marvels as, state, Nazism, doesn't appear to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Exposition on The Satanic Bible All things considered, obviously, no such name is difficult to startle. Indeed, even astonishment Furthermore, it isn't so fascinating LaVey and his kind, he as far as anyone knows makes over something to consider and something raises doubt about - . Any keen individual perusing cautiously the Old and New Testament, he discovers motivations to question reflection and examinations. Strikingly another. Otherworldliness as a marvel has its underlying foundations in Gnosticism a similar faction of sacrosanct information, a similar supremacy picked learned and, likewise, their tolerance. Makes what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is dependent upon the will.., As another figure who has put the mysterious on a transport line business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Very much stated, no uncertainty, however this makes the nation ends profoundly negate the Christian Love covers everything. They state, feel the distinction. We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The devils, demoness, divine beings and succubi youngsters, etc. Can change camouflages and move around this old fire uncertainly. One thing stays unaltered the tricky simplicity of getting information (everlasting status, salvation, freedom to proceed with the rundown yourself). be that as it may, this has no good thing. For it is stated: the entryways of salvation squeezed They (the Gnostics, and subsequently the mediums) composed a well known researcher of Gnosticism SN Trubetskoy there is an extraordinary articulation of the profound Gnostics plebeians parvenus, effective common.. extended a triumphant ticket, and along these lines truly loathe all who are abandoned, the boats decisions. what's more, as this world may be, as they would like to think, refuse and soil, the articulation from clothes to newfound wealth can be credited to him truly. Furthermore, further: from the beginning, they appear to be harmless enough: a little gathering of inquisitive crackpots Rusk extremely satisfactory some riddle of the old sages (in the old period - the mystery disclosure ) All this - . toxic and exhausting rubbish (Berdyaev contrasted Blavatskys book and a catalog of Mineralogy), in any case, it has one alluring element the impact of the granddad focuses (recollect the animation: owlet saw that his granddad the shrewd owl before you offer another guidance wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet concluded that all the insider facts of astuteness are encased in these glasses.. Focuses he surely pulled off, and even sang a melody: I have an enchantment glasses Ill wear them, and in a moment, one-two, one-two, know all, similar to an owls granddad!). Gracious, those a few times! .. Anyway troublesome it is to peruse these compositions (and recollect, and that hard!), The most significant thing is that they don't have to grasp and comprehend. No demanding idea, no otherworldly endeavors read the booklet, and forward-thinking (if by so loathed them instructed soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew precisely that with him we can not concur). Straightforwardness climb is pulling in new supporters, and step by step in the network to make a perspective, the foundation against which such wonders as, state, Nazism, doesn't appear to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Example The Satanic Bible Review Paper Article on The Satanic Bible All things considered, obviously, no such name is difficult to frighten. Indeed, even astonishment What's more, it isn't so fascinating LaVey and his kind, he apparently makes over something to consider and something raises doubt about - . Any clever individual who has perused cautiously the Bible, he discovers purposes behind uncertainty, wavering and examinations . Curiously another. Otherworldliness as a marvel has its underlying foundations in Gnosticism a similar faction of hallowed information, a similar supremacy picked proficient and, in like manner, vsedozvodennosti. Makes what He wills let it be the Law of Love is the Law of Love is dependent upon the will.., As another figure who has put the mysterious on a transport line business, Sir Aleister Crowley. Demonessy evil spirits, divine beings and succubi kids, etc. Can change masks and move around this antiquated fire uncertainly. One thing stays unaltered the misleading simplicity of getting information (eternality, salvation, freedom to proceed with the rundown yourself). be that as it may, this has nothing to Horsham no. For it is stated: the doors of salvation squeezed We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Satanic Bible Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They (the Gnostics, and consequently the mediums) composed a popular researcher of Gnosticism SN Trubetskoy there is an extraordinary articulation of the profound Gnostics plebeians parvenus, effective average.. extended a triumphant ticket, and subsequently truly disdain all who are deserted, the boats decisions. also, as this world may be, as they would see it, waste and earth, the articulation from clothes to newfound wealth can be ascribed to him truly. Also, further: from the start, they appear to be harmless enough: a little gathering of inquisitive crackpots Rusk extremely satisfactory some puzzle of the old sages (in the old time - the mystery disclosure ) All this - . inedible and exhausting rubbish (Berdyaev contrasted Blavatskys book and a registry of Mineralogy), nonetheless, it has one alluring component the impact of the granddad focuses (recollect the animation: owlet saw that his granddad the shrewd owl before you offer another guidance wore glasses Unequivocally, owlet concluded that all the mysteries of astuteness are encased in these glasses.. Focuses he absolutely pulled off, and even sang a melody: I have an enchantment glasses Ill wear them, and in a moment, one-two, one-two, know all, similar to an owls granddad!). Gracious, those more than once! .. Anyway troublesome it is to peruse these compositions (and recollect, and that hard!), The most significant thing is that they don't have to fathom and comprehend. No demanding idea, no profound endeavors read the booklet, and state-of-the-art (if by so loathed them instructed soup Noah Solzhenitsyn knew precisely that with him we can not concur). Simplicity rising is pulling in new devotees, and continuously in the network to make a perspective, the foundation against which such wonders as, state, Nazism, doesn't appear to be something wild. The Satanic Bible Review Essay Ex

Women And The Fight For Reform (549 words) Essay Example For Students

Ladies And The Fight For Reform (549 words) Essay Ladies and the Fight for ReformWomen in the late nineteenth century, with the exception of in the couple of western states where they could cast a ballot, were prevented much from securing a job in the administering procedure. In any case, taught the white collar class ladies considered themselves to be an ethically inspiring power and proceeded to be reformers. Jane Addams opened the social settlement of Hull House in 1889. It offered a variety of administrations to assist the poor arrangement with ghetto lodging, sickness, swarming, jobless, newborn child mortality, and natural perils. For ladies who held employments, Hull House ran a day-vehicle focus and a boardinghouse. Addams was just one of numerous early reformers to take up social work. Jane Porter Barrett, an African American, established the Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, Virginia, in 1890. Her settlement offered dark ladies indispensable guidance in kid care and in abilities of a being a homemaker. Lillian Wald, a little girl of Jewish outsiders from New York City, started a meeting medical caretaker administration to arrive at those too poor to even think about paying for specialists and clinics. Her Henry Street Settlement offered a large group of crucial administrations for outsiders and poor people. Wald recommended the arrangement of a Federal Childrens Bureau. We will compose a custom article on Women And The Fight For Reform (549 words) explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Before the finish of the nineteenth century, numerous ladies reformers concentrated on the requirement for state laws to limit youngster work. Small kids from poor families needed to work late hours in mines and processes and were misused by plant directors. No state laws kept the kids from being exhausted or manhandled. One of the first to challenge the abuse of stranded or ward youngsters was Sophie Loeb, a Jewish worker from Russia Once her dad was expired, she viewed the urgency of her mom as the family slipped into destitution. As a columnist, Loeb battled for windows annuities when this was as yet another thought. Helen Stuart Campbell, conceived in 1839 in New York, started her open vocation as a writer of childrens books. At that point she utilized books to uncover thin lifes harming impact on ladies. In 1859 she composed a novel around two ladies who break from their reliance on men and diagram new lives. Campbell likewise composed how simple it was fir womens lives to be destroyed by neediness and sadness. A few ladies went past supporting change to advancing revolution.There are numerous different celebrated ladies who helped lead the battle to change. Like Florence Kelley. In 1891 Kelley worked with Addams at Hull House and turned into an agent for the Illinois Bureau of Labor, and afterward was designated the U.S. Chief of Labor. In 1891 Kelley came back to New York City and worked with Walds Henry Street Settlement and made the U. S. Childrens Bureau. In 1921 made sure about entry of the Infant and Maternity Protection Act. More than any other individual, Ida B. Wells uncovered lynchings as an unspeakable atrocity. er 40 years of unwavering exertion neglected to stop the wrongdoing and didn't create a government against lynching law. Be that as it may, lynchings diminished by 80 percent after her battle started, and her reported proof on the wrongdoing of lynching and her pledge to equity energized the universes still, small voice. When Wells kicked the bucket in 1931, other ladies and men had gotten her touch. Word Count: 570

Impact of Remuneration Package-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the to International Human Resource Management for an Organization Expanding Into New Host Country. Answer: Presentation: Australasia is known as the Commonwealth of Australia and is a sovereign nation comprising of territory of Australian landmass, the Tasmania island and different islands. The Australia is the nation that involves different national and global organizations with legitimate authoritative framework and business framework. The quickly developing populace is liable for giving the satisfactory representatives to the global organizations that has extended in Australia. The present situation and setting of the global human asset the executives presents a few factors that should be considered for work in the worldwide organizations of any nation (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Thus, Australia is the same as far as human asset the board. The picked Singapore based organization for the report needs to think about guidelines and guideline in the universal Human Resource Management (HRM) (Brewster et al., 2016). In the current setting of global business, the diverse administration is likewise an other main considerations that must be considered at the most elevated need to keep away from any social clashes among the workers of various societies. Then again, the organization needs to guarantee the best possible execution of business approaches and preparing techniques so as to deal with the human asset of the organization. The accompanying area presents the detail report on the global HRM practice in Australia for worldwide organization. Hierarchical Structural Comparison: Considering the reality of business development of the Singapore organization to Australia, the hierarchical structure of the both the working environment of Singapore and Australia for assessing the distinction of social measurement. With respect to this, Hofstedes model of social measurement is the fitting and viable instrument to evaluate the social decent varieties of the host and home nation of the association. Hofstedes Cultural Dimension: Social components of Hofstede depend on five unique factors that decides the social acknowledgment and practice of the individuals of various nation (Dartey-Baah, 2013). The accompanying area utilizes the five elements of social measurement regarding looking at the way of life of two nations. Force Distance: Force separation in Singapore is high which makes reference to that the nation has solid class framework. The general public depends on the inconsistent relationship among individuals. Along these lines, in the host nation the authoritative force is focused on the supervisors and they rule the workers. The correspondence and culture of the association is formal (Hofstede, 2013). Then again, the force separation is low and the connection between the individuals is practically equivalent and simple. In any case, the picked organization has hierarchal structure in the association yet the directors are consistently available and the correspondence is both formal and casual according to the necessities. Independence: The nation has aggregate society where the living in gatherings and esteeming the relationship is significant. The individuals here are family arranged and amicable. The hierarchical structure depends on the cooperation where the assessments bunches are made a difference than people. Then again, the general public of Australia is increasingly individualistic and individuals here qualities the individual suppositions (Wiewiora et al., 2013). In the majority of the cases individuals are not family based. Hence, in the working environment the individual choices are organized and esteemed. Manliness: Singapore is in the center as far as effect of manliness on the general public. The general public is dictated by both the ladylike and manly qualities. Along these lines, clashes with respect to the sex issues are less in the working environment. Considering the element of manliness Australia is minimal higher and the manly qualities evidently commands the general public. Thusly, in the expert setting there are some sex decent varieties. Vulnerability Avoidance: The nation holds solid structure and high force separation record which makes the vulnerability shirking score low in Singapore. Though, the organization in Australia gets high vulnerability shirking which shows the general public is prepared to acknowledge the adjustment in the way of life. Long haul Orientation: Singapore solid social characteristics that protect the way of life and virtues of the general public. In the expert setting, the individuals are additionally culture situated. Then again, the social characteristics and bond isn't as more grounded as Singapore and qualities the adjustment in the contemporary society. Staffing Process and Strategies: For supporting in the new global setting of Australia, the organization needs to consider some universal human asset business approaches and methods for fruitful and compelling staffing process. For the abroad enlistment the association needs to select individuals from the host nation regarding keeping up hierarchical culture likewise (Dowling, 2013). The staffing methodologies must incorporate legitimate assessment of the applicants about the information on the organization and the work environment societies of the equivalent. Then again, the firm should give essential consideration to the key enactment of the host nation, for example, Fair Work Act 2009 for lawful and moral thought of business process (Fair Work Commission, 2013). It must be noticed that the picked firm additionally needs to guarantee that the chose workers follow the moral and lawful contemplations of the association. Thinking about the reality of staffing, choice is another significant procedure after enrollment. The determination procedure in truth the most imperative piece of the staffing as this stage decides the correct decision of the competitors by the administration (Dowling, 2013). The organization needs to follow some choice methods and instruments for guaranteeing the correct determination of worker. The best determination instruments are: Up close and personal Interview: Up close and personal meeting is viewed as the best and famous HR choice devices. For the abroad enrollment, eye to eye meeting will help the supervisors of the organization to have away from of the competitors information and aptitudes (Behrend et al., 2012). This will assist the administration with choosing the correct competitor without any problem. Abilities Assessment: For sure there is necessity of mechanical, verbal, numerical, thinking and scholarly aptitudes. For guaranteeing the aptitudes of the competitors the organization needs to utilize the ability appraisal test that will empower the equivalent to assess the abilities and capacities of the workers for specific positions (Hull et al., 2013). Screening: Screening is the underlying choice apparatus for any staffing. The screening of the workers alludes to the essential appraisal of the applicants with respect to the key business measures. This device is a quick audit of the competitors application for the specific employments and shows towards the appraisal of the up-and-comers upon the essential data of them. Preparing and Development Process: The requirements for preparing and advancement of the abroad chosen ones are required for accomplishing the long-terms and transient objectives of the association in universal market (Wilson, 2014). The preparation and improvement of the abroad staffs alluded to the foundation of viable correspondence and keep up culturally diverse connection inside the work environment just as with the nation of origin. There are not many preparing stages that are to be trailed by the association for powerful results out of the equivalent. The major and most significant preparing is the multifaceted preparing of the representatives which incorporates the communicational preparing, culturally diverse information advancement and decent variety the executives preparing (Dongfeng, 2012). This preparation will help the administration just as the representatives to cooperate with one another and work the business exercises effectively. The following significant preparing is the specialized preparing. In any case, this preparation is planned for the workers who are missing or have no mechanical information. The specialized preparing of the workers will fortify the abroad correspondence and universal business activity. Vital and practical preparing is another significant preparing for the representatives to adapt to the authoritative culture and structure alongside the standards and work process. This specific stressing will assist the representatives with adapting the authoritative culture and work process without any problem. Effect of the Training: So as to improve the information and effectiveness of the abroad workers in their specific occupation jobs the preparation methodology are planned towards them. The universal chosen ones are not acclimated with the hierarchical culture and the business activity. The vital and practical preparing will build up their insight and comprehension of the hierarchical structure and culture alongside the business procedure (Lamba Choudhary, 2013). Then again, the culturally diverse preparing of the representatives will add points of interest to the administration of the firm to deal with the working environment assorted variety without perils. The preparation on diverse viewpoint will empower the representatives to build up proficient and powerful relationship with one another which will lead the association to evade multifaceted issues in the abroad working environment (Dongfeng, 2012). Simultaneously, the specialized preparing will build up the mechanical competency of the workers and incre ment their abilities to deal with business in the universal market. It should be noticed that before the preparation the workers are just the picked applicants with individual and individual abilities for playing out the activity jobs. The preparation changes them into workers also their aptitudes and capacities into abilities (Wilson, 2014). Compensation Packages Analysis: Compensation is one of the essential and significant elements of universal human asset the executives

TMA04 B202 Accounting & Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TMA04 B202 Accounting and Finance - Essay Example The name Tesco first showed up over a shop in Edgware in 1929 and from that point forward the organization has developed and created, reacting to new chances and spearheading in numerous advancements. By the mid 1990s Tesco confronted solid rivalry and required another procedure. We were acceptable at purchasing and selling products however had started to overlook the clients. Sir Terry Leahy, who got Chief Executive in 1997, asked clients the straightforward inquiry - what are we fouling up?. We at that point put resources into the things that issue to clients. For instance, we propelled our faithfulness conspire Clubcard and Tesco.com, our web home shopping administration. Going the additional mile for clients has been critical to our development. We need to make clients lives simpler and better in any capacity we can. We need to speak to each client and give them motivation to return to Tesco. Initially represent considerable authority in food and drink, it has expanded into zones, for example, attire, shopper gadgets, money related administrations, telecoms, home, wellbeing and vehicle protection, dental plans, retailing and leasing DVDs,[4] CDs, music downloads, Internet administrations and software.(Tesco plc) Among its neighborhood rivals most huge ones are Morrisons,Sainsbury and Asda. The accompanying chart shows Tesco’s pieces of the overall industry locally(TESCO MAIN SUBMISSION TO THE COMPETITION COMMISSION (CC) INQUIRY INTO THE UK GROCERY RETAILING) As indicated by TNS World board Tescos portion of the UK basic food item advertise in the 12 weeks to 30 November 2008 was 30.9%, up 4.3% on 12 weeks to 2 December 2007. Over all classifications, over  £1 in each  £7 (14.3%) of UK retail deals is spent at Tesco. Tesco likewise works abroad, and non-UK income for the year to 24 February 2007 was up 18% on 25 February 2006. Wal store had deals of $287bn ( £160bn) in 2004-5, more than its three nearest matches put together(Deloitte 2006 Global Retailing Powers study). Walmart had placed its feet in China.Following suit Tesco forcefully extended in China, while Wal-Mart intends to recruit

Reconstructing gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Recreating sexual orientation - Essay Example The idea of sexual schizophrenia has killed the belittling male demeanor towards ladies because of the female gender’s commitment in sports. Ladies are as of now not saw as objects of sexuality since they have held a steady situation in the cutting edge society by assuming equivalent jobs as their male partners. Subsequently, ladies are seen as team promoters in sports as well as genuine players in each donning rivalry (Disch, 2008). Ladies will in general have various responses towards the supposed male demeanor towards sexuality. Most ladies in the adolescent age think about the male disposition towards them as an evaluation while those in the develop age think that its lessening. As a lady, Sabo’s portrayal of male sexuality is valid since ladies are seen as generalizations of the physical idea of sexuality. Erotic entertainment is the obvious introduction of sexual acts in films just as written word. Robert Jensen gives his background sex entertainment which clarifies how the pornography business strengthens and maintains the man controlled society. As indicated by Jensen, ladies exist to give their male partners sexual fervor. This depicts ladies are just utilized as sexual items to advance exciting inclination in explicit materials (Disch, 2008). Robert Jensen contends that in most obscene movies maintains and strengthens the Patriarchy by the presentation of butt-centric sex. In his contention, he clarifies the idea driving this demonstration being men’s, vengeance to women’s disagreeable characters. This shows the female job is overwhelmed by the male situation in the general public in this way depicting male controlled society. The presentation of various sexual accomplices additionally shows a feeling of man controlled society as in most explicit movies; a man is given more than one lady to relate with explicitly. This supports polygamy wherein depends on the male strength as indicated by the African culture. Male controlled society advances sex lopsidedness in the current

Understanding when to Reference

Understanding when to Reference Understanding when to Reference Understanding when to Reference Failing to cite properly is one of the main reasons that students get into hot water during this academic career, which can result in a low grade, a failed grade or even a charge of academic misconduct. This means that learning how and when to reference is of paramount importance to every student. This is a skill that is generally not taught comprehensively in the student’s academic career. The student may be given handouts on referencing and referencing styles, which can be confusing when the basics of referencing have not been explained to the student. Thus, identifying when to reference is an important skill that the student has to learn. Most students know that failure to reference will amount to plagiarism, which is passing off another’s work as their own. This knowledge creates a black and white understanding of referencing without engaging the complexities when to reference in an appropriate way. Selecting text and putting it in quotation marks and citing the source is the most common form of referencing. However, this is not the only time that a student should and can reference. A student can read an argument of an author and paraphrase it in their own words, which will require referencing because s/he is using the ideas of the author. Paraphrasing is another common practice, but many students fail to cite the source. The failure to cite the source amounts to plagiarism because all the student has done is to change the words (i.e. s/he has not formulated any ideas or analysis). Paraphrasing and quotations are not the only forms of referencing. The student has to consider whether an argument and/or selection of ideas in their essay are their own. With such considerations, the student must determine whether a substantial amount of each idea has come from another person. If this is the case then the source has to be cited, even if it is not paraphrased for quoted from. Conversely, not all ideas that the student places in an essay will have to be cited. If the idea emanates from the student’s own analysis of one or more author’s work then this is the student’s own work and should not be referenced. Nonetheless, to show that the work is the student’s own analysis, it is recommended that the student identifies each of the ideas with proper citations. The student can then conclude the work with his/her own analysis. These basics are important to understand before the student engages with the formalities of a particular referencing system, such as APA, Harvard, MLA or OSCOLA. Formalities do not identify when the student should cite another’s work. Rather, this is guided by a number or principles that can result in unimagined complexities for the student tackling referencing. Here at Homework Help Canada we can help to show you how to reference correctly. This can be done through our custom written essay, dissertation and/or one-on-one tutoring service. Through a custom essay or dissertation the student can see how and when to reference; whereas the tutoring service will allow one of Homework Help Canada’s Experts to explain how and why work is referenced in a certain way. Thus, combining both custom written work with the tutoring service will provide the most comprehensive help on how and when to reference, which Homework Help Canada can provide to you. References: Purdue University (2015) “Using Research” Owl Online Writing Lab available at: accessed September 6, 2015. Understanding when to Reference Understanding when to Reference Understanding when to Reference Failing to cite properly is one of the main reasons that students get into hot water during this academic career, which can result in a low grade, a failed grade or even a charge of academic misconduct. This means that learning how and when to reference is of paramount importance to every student. This is a skill that is generally not taught comprehensively in the student’s academic career. The student may be given handouts on referencing and referencing styles, which can be confusing when the basics of referencing have not been explained to the student. Thus, identifying when to reference is an important skill that the student has to learn. Most students know that failure to reference will amount to plagiarism, which is passing off another’s work as their own. This knowledge creates a black and white understanding of referencing without engaging the complexities when to reference in an appropriate way. Selecting text and putting it in quotation marks and citing the source is the most common form of referencing. However, this is not the only time that a student should and can reference. A student can read an argument of an author and paraphrase it in their own words, which will require referencing because s/he is using the ideas of the author. Paraphrasing is another common practice, but many students fail to cite the source. The failure to cite the source amounts to plagiarism because all the student has done is to change the words (i.e. s/he has not formulated any ideas or analysis). Paraphrasing and quotations are not the only forms of referencing. The student has to consider whether an argument and/or selection of ideas in their essay are their own. With such considerations, the student must determine whether a substantial amount of each idea has come from another person. If this is the case then the source has to be cited, even if it is not paraphrased for quoted from. Conversely, not all ideas that the student places in an essay will have to be cited. If the idea emanates from the student’s own analysis of one or more author’s work then this is the student’s own work and should not be referenced. Nonetheless, to show that the work is the student’s own analysis, it is recommended that the student identifies each of the ideas with proper citations. The student can then conclude the work with his/her own analysis. These basics are important to understand before the student engages with the formalities of a particular referencing system, such as APA, Harvard, MLA or OSCOLA. Formalities do not identify when the student should cite another’s work. Rather, this is guided by a number or principles that can result in unimagined complexities for the student tackling referencing. Here at Homework Help USA we can help to show you how to reference correctly. This can be done through our custom written essay, dissertation and/or one-on-one tutoring service. Through a custom essay or dissertation the student can see how and when to reference; whereas the tutoring service will allow one of Homework Help USAs Experts to explain how and why work is referenced in a certain way. Thus, combining both custom written work with the tutoring service will provide the most comprehensive help on how and when to reference, which Homework Help USA can provide to you. References: Purdue University (2015) “Using Research” Owl Online Writing Lab available at: accessed September 6, 2015.

2013 Ivy League Football Standings

2013 Ivy League Football Standings November 24, 2013 Dartmouth College returned to the upper echelon of Ivy League football this season. Dartmouth is the winningest team in Ivy League football history, but theyve experienced a drought in recent years (photo credit: Gavin Huang). The 2013 Ivy League football standings are now complete. With identical 6-1 records, Harvard and Princeton both won the Ivy League title. Overall, Harvard finished its season with a 9-1 mark, while Princeton was 8-2 (this includes non-Ivy League games). Placing third in the Ivy League this season is Dartmouth College, with a 5-2 mark in Ivy League play and 6-4 record overall. This season marked a return for the Dartmouth Big Green to the upper echelon of Ivy League football. Historically, Dartmouth remains the most successful program in the history of Ivy League football. But Harvard and Penn have been inching up real close to them in the record books. Placing fourth in the league are Brown University, Yale University, and the University of Pennsylvania. These three universities finished with 3-4 records in Ivy League play. Brown finished 6-4 overall on the year, Yale 5-5, and Penn 4-6. Oh how the once mighty Quakers have fallen fast! Cornell University finished seventh in the Ivy League, with a 2-5 record and 3-7 overall. Columbia University came in last, not recording a single win all season! Oh my. The Columbia Lions finished 0-7 in Ivy League play and 0-10 overall. Not exactly a good season for the Lions. But, dont forget, Columbia: You guys won the Rose Bowl in 1934 in a major upset over Stanford. There is always hope for next year. Take inspiration from your past. Congratulations to Harvard and Princeton for winning shares of the 2013 Ivy League football title. And congrats to Dartmouth on a great season in which the Big Green returned to the top tier of Ivy League football after a long absence. Sorry, Penn, that it had to be at your expense. So much for the pre-season projection that you would win the Ivy League this year. Projections, projections.

Key Events in French History

Coal in the Industrial Revolution

Before the eighteenth century, Britain — and the rest of Europe — had produced coal, but only in a limited quantity. Coal pits were small, and half were opencast mines (just big holes in the surface). Their market was just the local area, and their businesses were localized, usually just the sideline of a larger estate. Drowning and suffocation were also very real problems.​ During the period of the industrial revolution, as demand for coal soared thanks to iron and steam, as the technology to produce coal improved and the ability to move it increased, coal experienced a massive escalation. From 1700 to 1750 production increased by 50% and nearly another 100% by 1800. During the later years of the first revolution, as steam power really took a firm grip, this rate of increase soared to 500% by 1850. The Demand for Coal The rising demand for coal came from many sources. As the population increased, so did the domestic market, and people in town needed coal because they weren’t near to forests for wood or charcoal. More and more industries used coal as it became cheaper and thus more cost-effective than other fuels, from iron production to simply bakeries. Shortly after 1800 towns began to be lit by coal powered gas lamps, and fifty-two towns had networks of these by 1823. During the period wood became more expensive and less practical than coal, leading to a switch. In addition, in the second half of the eighteenth-century, canals, and after this railways, made it cheaper to move greater amounts of coal, opening up wider markets. In addition, the railways were a source of major demand. Of course, coal had to be in a position to supply this demand, and historians trace several deep connections to other industries, discussed below. Coal and Steam Steam had an obvious impact on the coal industry in generating vast demand: steam engines needed coal. But there were direct effects on production, as Newcomen and Savery pioneered the use of steam engines in coal mines to pump water, lift produce and provide other support. Coal mining was able to use steam to go deeper than ever before, getting more coal out of its mines and increasing production. One key factor to these engines was they could be powered by poor quality coal, so mines could use their waste in it and sell their prime material. The two industries —  coal and steam —  were both vital for each other and grew symbiotically. Coal and Iron Darby was the first person to use coke – a form of processed coal – to smelt iron in 1709. This advance spread slowly, largely due to the cost of coal. Other developments in iron followed, and these also used coal. As the prices of this material fell, so iron became the major coal user, increasing demand for the substance vastly, and the two industries mutually stimulated each other. Coalbrookdale pioneered iron tramways, which enabled coal to be moved more easily, whether in mines or on route to buyers. Iron was also needed for coal using and facilitating steam engines.   Coal and Transport There are also close links between coal and transport, as the former needs a strong transport network able to move bulky goods. The roads in Britain before 1750 were very poor, and it was hard to move large, heavy goods. Ships were able to take coal from port to port, but this was still a limiting factor, and rivers were often of little use due to their natural flows. However, once transport improved during the industrial revolution, coal could reach greater markets and expand, and this came first in the form of canals, which could be purpose-built and move large quantities of heavy material. Canals halved the transport costs of coal compared to the packhorse. In 1761 the Duke of Bridgewater opened a canal built from Worsley to Manchester for the express purpose of carrying coal. This was a major piece of engineering including a ground-breaking viaduct. The Duke earned wealth and fame from this initiative, and the Duke was able to expand production because of the demand for his cheaper coal. Other canals soon followed, many built by coal mine owners. There were problems, as canals were slow, and iron trackways still had to be used in places. Richard Trevithick built the first moving steam engine in 1801, and one of his partners was John Blenkinsop, a coal mine owner searching for cheaper and faster transport. Not only did this invention pull large quantities of coal quickly, but it also used it for fuel, for iron rails, and for building. As railways spread, so the coal industry was stimulated with railway coal use rising. Coal and the Economy Once coal prices fell it was used in a huge number of industries, both new and traditional, and was vital for iron and steel. It was a very vital industry for the industrial revolution, stimulating industry and transport. By 1900 coal was producing six percent of the national income despite having a small workforce with only limited benefits from technology.

What Happened William Stammered - 1330 Words

â€Å"Hey. You alright?† Tabitha asked. â€Å"What happened?† William stammered. â€Å"Come on, you gotta get up. You’re scheduled to have a contract negotiation in my room at 10:00 am sharp. Get yourself together.† WILLIAM showered and cleaned himself up as best he could. He downed three Advils, and made his way to the first floor of the hotel. He knocked on Tabitha’s door. â€Å"Come in,† Tabitha called. William opened the door and stepped into the suite. Tabitha stood up from a small table next to the window and walked towards William with her hand outstretched. She was dressed in a business suit with her hair tied back in a bun. There was no trace of a hangover. Tabitha shook William’s hand with a crisp, professional efficiency. â€Å"Good morning, Mr.†¦show more content†¦It’s nice to speak with you. Tabitha has told me a lot about you.† â€Å"It’s nice to speak with you, too, sir† William said. â€Å"So what did you think of the seminar?† â€Å"It’s very interesting, Mr. Brigham.† â€Å"Please, call me Jason. So, are you ready to jump on board?† â€Å"Let’s just say you’ve got my attention.† â€Å"Excellent, then let’s see if we can come up with something that will hold that attention. William, I’m prepared to offer you a contract with a base salary of $28,500.00 for next year. The salary will be paid out from September through August over 24 bi-weekly pay periods,† Jason said. As Jason spoke, Tabitha leaned over and removed a folder from a briefcase on the floor. She opened the folder, clicked a ballpoint pen and began taking notes. â€Å"Beyond the base salary,† Jason said. â€Å"I’m prepared to offer you some performance-based bonuses. The first performance bonus will be based on student performance. Next year, you will have a caseload of 125 students. In March of next year, those students will all take a standardized assessment called Smarter Balanced or S-Bac. It’s aligned to national standards called the Common Core. All students in the State of Connecticut and 25 other states take the same assessment. Are you familiar with the Common Core and the S-Bac test?† â€Å"Yes, sir,† William said. â€Å"Good. If all of your students score in the advanced level you will receive a $50,000 bonus. Tabitha will show you a sliding scale that outlines

Corporate Social Responsibility A Business Ethics Stance...

Corporate Social Responsibility From a business ethics stance â€Å"corporate social responsibility† (Velazquez, 2007, pp. 23), refers to the social interest an organization manifest in the environment it operates. SoftMagic has not seized opportunities from corporate social responsibility. In the U.S., the use of pro-bono activities to develop networking is fundamental considering that multiple leaders of different firms participate and engage in activities that consequently offer an opportunity to market and increase the awareness of the organization. One more time, the cultural challenge seems to have affected the opportunities for SoftMagic. Summarizing Current State Considering the lack of an explicit vision and mission, SoftMagic develop a U.S. penetration model substantiated in a serendipity occurred when a chief architect of a major transnational organization (TO) in U.S. found the tool by performing research. SoftMagic decided to copy where possible similar success, but multiple factors affected their attempts and lack of fundamental strategic elements has inflicted the organization’s performance. In fact, a quick review of finances, demonstrate that after its first year of operations in U.S., the organization â€Å"current return ratio† (Ehrhardt, 2011, p. 89) was at 1.16. In the second year the same ratio was at 1.06, and in the third year (quarters 1 and 2), the current return ratio is at 1.01. Consequently, the organization’s cash flow has been diminishing, andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Social Responsibility1040 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Every individual view ethics differently. No matter how one view ethics at the end of the day ethics is a determination of an individual’s own belief of what is right or wrong. 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The chapter also focuses on the social responsibility an organization holds in relation to everyday decision makingRead MoreCorporate Ethics And Social Responsibility1528 Words   |  7 Pages Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility Amanda Rabius PHL/320 10/9/17 Hank Reeves â€Æ' Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the corporate world are very important. By understanding business ethics and socially responsibility, companies can develop and implement a socially responsible plan. Organizations are no doubt an assembly line of different networks that are both complex and dynamic in nature which face various conflicts. With this, a qualitativeRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper Str 581 Week 11312 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: WEEK 1; ETHICS REFLECTIONS PAPER Assignment: Week 1; Ethics Reflections Paper By Judith Judson STR 591 – Phoenix Campus University of Phoenix Facilitator: Dr. Mark Kolesinsky Week 1, July 18, 2012 Ethics Reflection Paper In the last decade, ethics in corporate America has become highly publicized following the discovery of unethical and fraudulent business practices in major corporations. Practices at Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom, among others,Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe term Corporate Social Responsibility refers to a company’s responsibility to provide a benefit to the society the company affects. 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Giraffe Project Award Essay Free Essays

Joseph Nicholas, 61, a former tribal council r and state preventative, and David Francis, 70, a former clam digger, woodchopper an d blueberry picker, went out of their way to help prevent a language who’s already in a severe case e Of extinction. Joseph and David both provide acts out of caring. They are teaching the child en of Amine’s Pusillanimous Indian Tribe how to learn a new language, which in t his case, is new to the children but very old to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Giraffe Project Award Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The language Pusillanimous is New Engle end’s last living Indian language. They should teach this language to help preserve greater ext .NET of it’s extinction. Joseph and David are willing to take on significant personal risk. Francis gather RSI words and phrases for a second edition Of the Pusillanimous dictionary. According g to him, if they â€Å"lose their language, they will lose their identity, its the last thing Indians have. † Joseph and David want Indian children to have and take pride in their own heritage. â€Å"Our own kids had no sense of who we really were†. In general, culture and the languages we speak builds up our identity. A lot of people are, and would like to be even more proud of who the y are and where hey come from. Thanks to Joseph and David willing to take on significant per sonar risk, these Indian kids in that tribe will have something to take pride in, which was theirs from the beginning. The two also rock the boat to make thing better, and not more exciting. They are fighting back with special bilingual booklets, instructional videotapes, and classes. â€Å"Mind mans are always the lazy, bad guys in the history books,† says Nicholas. Being stereotyped is De finitely not something to be proud of. In general, nobody would want their race being poor rayed in a bad way, especially broadcasted in public or written in books. So, they’re changing peoples minds by not only teaching the language, but by rocking the boat a little by taking that e extra step of fighting with public broadcastings that make their heritage look bad. David and Joseph are only working, teaching the children of Main?s Passim quoted Indian tribe currently. But, at the same time, they are also gathering terms for a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Believe that they are doing the best they can to preserve this old language, one step at a time. Candidates Joseph Nicholas and David Francis should definitely win the Giraffe e Award. They’ve proven themselves to go above and beyond of just helping preserve a n extinct language. They have acts out of caring by teaching and Indian Tribe a new Ian gauge, rocked the boat to make thing better by fighting with broadcasted negativity towards thee r heritage, and they took significant personal risk by by gathering words and phrases in trying to make a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Without fail, they’ve stolen my vote fairly. How to cite Giraffe Project Award Essay, Essays

Gender discrimination free essay sample

â€Å"You know, my mom always encouraged me and never made my gender an issue, I guess. She brought me up to believe in equality, as opposed to feminism or sexism so it just meant that my gender was not relevant to what I was capable of achieving. † (Faith); despite laws worldwide stating that there must be equality between females and males, sexism remains one of the most issues we face as a global society. Is sexual discrimination a hindrance which holds back our development as an advanced society and as humans? Awkwardly it is. Women are still being discriminated and maltreated at workplace and politics, and they are underestimated for their capabilities and achievements, where men tend to earn better opportunities and positions, although some may lack the qualifications that women possess. Occupational sexism is one type of discrimination being enforced on women. According to the statistics, â€Å"in 2012, female full-time workers made only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 23 percent. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Hegewisch, pars. 1). This clearly depicts the underestimation that women experience, and the inconsideration for their hard work and perseverance. In fact it is mentioned that, â€Å"Sometimes, they are not treated equally in their workplace and are considered as inferior to their male co-workers. † (â€Å"Problems Faced by Women†, pars. 1). In male-dominated societies, in addition to lower wages for the same occupation, most women have to face daily struggles against biased mentalities and sometimes intolerant and reckless attitudes of male co-workers as stated. Women can be unappreciated for their talents and achievements, and abused for their creativity and uniqueness. Despite the fact that that some women own rare qualifications needed to attend to certain task, less qualified men tend to be treated more leniently than women in the workplace . In our society especially, female bosses are viewed to be less capable than males, where the act of leadership is most seen as a masculine position (Daily Mail, pars 1). Moreover, another form of feminism is the one being mostly manipulated by men in terms of power and dominance, political discrimination. According to a research, â€Å"in Saudi Arabia and Vatican City, women can’t vote or run for office†¦still† (Dewey, pars. 8). Prohibiting the right to vote against women has not only raised many questions concerning this act of discrimination, but it has also created acts of rebellion in many countries. Are men the only accredited humans with rights? Are women acknowledged as useless insufficient creatures? Unfortunately, although we live in this modern world of technology, the answer is clear; sexism is one of the strongest causes of retardation in the advancement of society. One simple example would be the capability of women to be more diplomatic. The aversion of women to violence and their innate roles as protectors and caregivers give them great potential for political positions in a government. The conclusion for this controversial argument is the fight for women against sexual discrimination and the establishment of effective laws against the sexes. Gender is irrelevant of one’s capabilities and talents, for females in some advanced countries are equally as successful and determined as males, if not more simply for the fact that they carry the burden of discriminated against along with their success. Therefore, the mentality of those men that support sexism should be completely modified. It is stated that, â€Å"Sexism is not the fault of women- kill your fathers, not your mothers. † (Morgan). Ultimately, it is education and the reframing of our vision for a better society and our willingness to work for a better tomorrow, that can hopefully eliminate gender discrimination.

Medical Tourism in India

Question: Discuss about the Medical Tourism in India. Answer: Discussion of Results Discussion on Hypotheses In this particular section of chapter 4, the researcher will mainly argue about all the hypotheses that have already been discussed in chapter 2 under the section of the literature review. Here, the researcher will primarily analyze that the chosen research hypotheses are whether relevant or not to the research topic. H1: India has become more competitive in terms of advance health care service and low cost advantage. For the first hypothesis, it has been discussed earlier that the country India is more competitive in terms of both advanced health care service and low cost advantage. Thus, the null hypothesis has been rejected here for this particular research study. It has been found that in the eastern part of Asia there are various countries such as Korea, Malaysia, Thailand that also provide good quality health care services to the people who visit the respective countries (Kaur 2012). However, as per the literature review or study, it has been noted that the cost for treatment or the price rate for providing the good quality health care service is relatively much less in India than in the other countries in the west like the United States, Costa Rica and Mexico (Vijayanambi and Kannan 2011). Thus, the research analysis in the literature review section indicates that the country India provides advance health care service to the inbound tourists of medical tourism at relatively cheaper cost a nd this acts a competitive advantage for the particular nation. H2: Various important factors help to attract the medical tourists to visit the country India and thus enhance and enriches the medical tourism in India. In this particular case, the second hypothesis i.e. H2 has been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected. The reason behind this is that there are several important factors that help the country India to attract more medical tourists and to visit the nation in order to enhance and enrich the medical tourism in India (Love 2012). These various reasons include the cost effectiveness in visiting India for the inbound tourists, the good quality of health care and services are provided in the particular nation, there are availability of various travelling convenience and several methods of treatment (Hall 2011). All these primary factors have boosted the growth of the medical tourism in India. The other factors that also affect the growth of the medical tourism in India include effective treatment for meeting the problems related to reproduction, the official language of the nation is English that also facilitates in easy communication, the affordable and reasonable prices for treatment facilities and availing accommodation also put positive impact on the particular hypothesis (Novikov and Novikov 2013). In addition to this, the mode of treatment is much easier in India. Thus, it can be said that all these factors act as a positive cause for attracting the medical tourists in India. H3: The tourism sector and the health care sector of the country India contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the particular country. The third hypothesis is also been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected in this particular case. The reason behind this is that it has been founded that there is a booming prospect for the medical tourism industry in India. As per the survey research it has been noted that the Indian market for the inbound tourists is continuously expanding especially in the sector of medical tourism (Gyu 2011). It has been stated in the literature review section that the growth of GDP will take place by 13 % within next six years in the field of medical tourism (Natarajan 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the medical tourism sector and the health care sector of the particular nation India will contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the nation (Debata et al. 2011). The other reason behind this growth is the availability of medical treatment in India at extremely lower cost. This factor has lead to the gradual development and growth of this particular industry in India. H4: The government of the country India has adopted various measures in order to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The fourth hypothesis can also be accepted and the null hypothesis can be rejected as it has been found that the Government of the country India has adopted various measures with the aim to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The government of the nation has reduced the taxation, thus it has encouraged the tourism sector as well as the medical sectors (Crooks et al. 2011). The reduced taxation and charges have encouraged the travel agents to provide accommodation to the inbound tourists at lower cost. The charges for medical treatment have also been reduced in order to occupy the competitive advantage regarding the cost effectiveness (Rudra 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the government of the particular nation has adopted various measures in order to improve both the mentioned sectors of the country. Discussion on Literature Review and Research Results It has been found from the literature review section that there are various factors that boost up the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. These factors are the lower cost of the treatment, the lower cost of the accommodation and food, the lower cost for the travel agents all are considered as the cost effectiveness for the inbound tourists who visit the country India (Solomon 2011). It has also been found that various treatments like the treatments related to reproduction, surgery for knee replacement all are done at relatively lower cost than any other countries like the United States, Korea, Costa Rica, Mexico, Malaysia and Thailand (Chandra and Sharma 2013). In addition to this, the high quality of the health care and services also attract the inbound visitors to India and thus high growth takes place in the medical tourism sector and also in health care and services sector (Supino and Borer 2012). Moreover, the tourism convenience in India is much friendly for t he inbound tourists and there are various methods of treatment that help the people to get well sooner and also at lower cost along with good quality of health care and services (Biddle and Emmett 2013). All these factors are considered as the positive aspect for the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. In India there are availability of various types of treatments like Naturopathy, Ayurveda, Yoga and music and aroma therapy (6 and Bellamy 2012). All these help in enriching and expanding the opportunities of the particular country India in the field of medical tourism. Therefore, it can be said that there are various prospects of medical tourism industry in India. However, it has also been found that the country India also faces various challenges regarding the medical tourism sector though it has a greater opportunity of attracting more inbound tourists (Srivastava 2011). Recommendations Therefore, it can be recommended from the literature review section that the country India should work hard and should take various steps to overcome all the challenges that are faced by the medical tourism sector of the country. Therefore, the government of the particular country should take proper steps such that visas to the country can be obtained easily, fast and at lower expense. It has been found that many tourists have faced various troubles in communicating with the non-medical staffs as they are not well-versed in the English language. This implies that training should be provided to the non-medical staffs especially in the inter-cultural communication skills and also in soft skills with the aim to provide high quality service to the inbound tourists. It has also been noted that the travelers who visit India for the purpose of medical treatment are happy and satisfied with the lower cost of the treatment but often complain about the high accommodation and restaurant costs i n the country. Therefore, the government of the country should look after all these factors such that the continuous growth of the medical tourism can be maintained in the future. Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the country India has recently appeared as an important center for medical destination of the inbound tourists who travel from various countries in order to get effective as well as affordable modes of treatment. The country India has the capability of providing both traditional methods of treatment as well as the most specialized and innovative healthcare systems. Thus, the wide variety of methods for treatment of various diseases is available in India and this is the main cause or reason for attracting more travelers to India for treating. This helps in enriching and enhancing the medical tourism sector of the particular country. In addition this, it has been found that the various countries of Asia such as Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Singapore are also considered as an important destination for medical treatment or medical tourism. However, India wins over all these mentioned countries due to much convenient procedures of treatment and also d ue to lower expenses for treatment. It has been noted that the medical staffs of the particular country possess international expertise, the excellent accommodation and food services and the technologically driven diagnostic care fuel the expansion of this medical tourism sector of India. It has been found that though there are so many positives regarding the medical tourism in India, there are various challenges and issues to this specific sector that can be resolved accurately in order to run the particular sector in a positive direction. Future Work It can be stated that this particular research study will help the researchers in future. As per the research study, it has been found that the health care sector of the country India is currently earning a revenue amount of $ 17 billion and it has been expected that this will grow steadily in the near future. As per the experts and economists, it has been identified that the revenue of the country India will increase by about 13 % in coming six years in the field of medical tourism. Thus, the government of the particular country India should take proper remedial steps in order to overcome all the challenges and issues that are currently facing by the country. This specific research study is much enriched with various current information and data. Thus this research topic and the research study will help the researchers in future to study regarding the particular research topic. References 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012).Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Biddle, J. and Emmett, R. (2013).A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Crooks, V., Turner, L., Snyder, J., Johnston, R. and Kingsbury, P. (2011). Promoting medical tourism to India: Messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel.Social Science Medicine, 72(5), pp.726-732. Debata, B., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. and Sreekumar, N. (2011). Development of an instrument for measuring service quality of medical tourism in India.IJICBM, 4(6), p.589. Gyu Ko, T. (2011). Medical Tourism System Model.International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 11(1), pp.17-51. Hall, C. (2011).Fieldwork in tourism. London: Routledge. K.S. VIJAYANAMBI, K. and Dr.R.KANNAN, D. (2011). Recent Trends in Medical Tourism in India.IJAR, 4(5), pp.619-621. Kaur, M. (2012). Medical Tourism in India.PARIPEX, 3(1), pp.64-66. Love, K. (2012).Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Novikov, A. and Novikov, D. (2013).Research methodology. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema. R. Natarajan, P. (2011). Innovative Strategies For Enhancing the Image of India in Medical Tourism.IJAR, 4(6), pp.1-3. Rudra, P. (2011).Impacts of medical and wellness tourism centers on the communities around them. Solomon, H. (2011). Affective journeys: the emotional structuring of medical tourism in India.Anthropology Medicine, 18(1), pp.105-118. Srivastava, R. (2011).State of healthcare in India. New Delhi: DPS Pub. House. Supino, P. and Borer, J. (2012).Principles of research methodology. New York, NY: Springer.

Cognitive Functions

Introduction The functioning of human brain is one of the most complex systems studied by the scientists. Even after so many years of research, there still remain parts if the brain the functions of which are not yet known. Everything that we do is controlled by our brain even the slightest injury can have adverse effects on normal human functioning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Functions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thomas Willis, also known as the father of neurology, was the first to suggest that different parts of the brain were responsible for different cognitive functions (Molnar, 2004). Cognitive functions may be defined as â€Å"any mental process that involves symbolic operations e.g. perception, memory, creation of imagery, and thinking; Cognitive functions encompasses awareness and capacity for judgement† (Medical Dictionary, 2010). It is now an established fact the different pa rts of human brain control different activities. To develop a better understanding, the human brain is said to be composed of three concentric layers: Central core, the limbic system, and the cerebral hemisphere (Joseph, 1992). Central Core: Most of the brain stem is a part of the central core. It controls a number of reflexes including breathing and also helps in standing upright (Atkinson, Hilgard, Atkinson, 1983). The central core is composed of cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus, Pons, medulla, and the reticular system (Patestas Gartner, 2006). All these part have a special function to perform, for instance the hypothalamus controls the visceral and somatic function like temperature and metabolism while the medulla takes care of reflexes such as heart beat, respiration, and blood pressure (Atkinson, Hilgard, Atkinson, 1983). The Limbic System: The limbic system is made of Amygdala and the Hippocampus. The Amygdala performs the cognitive function of emotions and the behavio ural, autonomic, as well and endocrine response to the stimulus present in the environment (Cristinzio Vuilleumier, 2007). When the amygdala is damaged, it may result in impaired emotional functioning of an individual and the lack of â€Å"social significance of sensory events†¦[such as] attention, memory [etc]† (Cristinzio Vuilleumier, 2007, pp.87). The hippocampus on the other hand is responsible for memories, their storage and retreival which is an importan cognitive function (Swenson, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on physiology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cerebral Cortex: The cerbral cortex is the thick layer which covers the cerebrum which is filled with myelinated axons and control some of our most complex cognitive activities (Atkinson, Hilgard, Atkinson, 1983). The cerebral cortex is divided into different parts: the occipital lobe which controls vision and processes the visual information; th e Temporal lobe is responsible for smell, hearing, language, motivation, etc; the Parietal lobe which controls spatial abilities and sensory projection; and the Frontal lobe is responsible for the thought process which are required to solve problems, coordination of messages received from other parts of the brain, controls many parts of personality, concentration, etc (Atkinson, Hilgard, Atkinson, 1983). Many functions of the frontal lobe were discovered after the severe injuries suffered by Phineas Gage. Phineas Gage Phineas Gage (1823-1860) was a railroad construction foreman who suffered some extreme injuries in the head at the age of 25, when an iron rod, 1.1 mm long and 6 mm in diameter weighing 6 kg, drove through his head coming out from in left cheek (Leach O’Driscoll, 1998). After bleeding continuously for two day and five weeks of treatment by Dr. Harlow, Gage regained his consciousness and was able to go back to his normal routine (Leach O’Driscoll, 1998) . The case did not end there as Dr. Harlow continued to observe Gage after the treatment to see the effects of the injury. After the accident some significant changes were noticed in the personality of Gage by his wife and other people around him. Before the injuries, Gage was considered to be one of the most efficient workers by his employers but the change in his personality was so severe that they forced to change their opinion about him and his friends even said that after the accident he was no lone the Gage they knew earlier (Cuizon, 2009). In the accident mainly the frontal lobe of Gage was damaged and Dr. Harlow concluded that due to the damage done to frontal lobe, Gage had completely lost his social inhibition which resulted in unacceptable behaviour (Cuizon, 2009). The case of Phineas Gage, though gruesome, contributed a lot to the neurobiology in the nineteenth century. It was because of the injuries of Phineas Gage that proved functions of the frontal lobe and that diff erent parts of the brain are responsible for different cognitive functions. Gage was able to fully recover and was physically fit. The only changes noticed were in his completely changed personality which was so extreme that his family and friends found it hard to believe that Gage was the same person they knew before the accident. It is one of the most amazing cases in the medical world and has revealed many facts about the brain and cognitive functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Functions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Atkinson, R. L., Hilgard, E. R., Atkinson, R. C. (1983). Introduction to Psychology. New York: harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Cristinzio, C., Vuilleumier, P. (2007). The Role of Amygdala in Emotional and Social Functions. Epileptologie , 78-89. Cuizon, G. (2009, March 2). The Amazing Case of Phineas Gage. Web. Joseph, R. (1992). The four ego personalities and the uncon scious child and parent within. New York: Plenum Press. Leach, J. P., O’Driscoll, K. (1998). â€Å"No longer Gage†: an iron bar through the head . BMJ , 1673–1674. Medical Dictionary. (2010). Cognitive function. Retrieved from Medical Dictionary: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cognitive+function Molnar, Z. (2004). Thomas Willis (1621-1675), the founder of clinical neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 329-335.Advertising Looking for essay on physiology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Patestas, M. A., Gartner, L. P. (2006). Neuroanatomy. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. This essay on Cognitive Functions was written and submitted by user Bryleigh Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Be an Amazing and Successful Substitute Teacher

How to Be an Amazing and Successful Substitute Teacher Substitute teaching is one of the most difficult jobs in education. It is also one of the most important. It takes a remarkable person to be able to adapt effectively to all the situations that will be thrown at them as a substitute teacher. Substitute teachers are used in virtually every school across the country every day. It is vital for school administrators to compose a list of top notch people who can successfully substitute teach. Flexibility and adaptability are probably the two most important characteristics that a substitute teacher must possess. They must be flexible due to the fact that they are often not called until the morning of the day they are needed. They must be adaptable because they could be subbing in a second-grade classroom one day and a high school English class the next. There are even times when their assignment will change from the time they are called to the time they actually arrive. Although it is beneficial for a substitute to be a certified teacher, it is not a requirement or necessity. A person without formal training in education can be a successful substitute. Being a good substitute teacher starts with an understanding of what you are expected to do and also knowing that the students are going to test the waters to see what they can get away with and be equipped to deal with any obstacles. Before You Sub Some school districts require new substitutes to attend some type of formal training before they are placed on the substitute list while others do not. No matter the case, you should always try to schedule a short meeting to introduce yourself to the building principal. Use this time to let them know who you are, ask them for any advice, and find out any specific protocol they may have for substitute teachers. Sometimes it is impossible to meet with the teacher but always do so if you have the opportunity. Although meeting the teacher in person is ideal, a simple phone conversation can be extremely beneficial. The teacher can walk you through their schedule, provide you with specific details, and give you a lot of other relevant information that will make your day go smoother. Always try to obtain a copy of the school’s student handbook. Have a solid understanding of what the school expects from their students and teachers. Some schools may even have a substitute policy designed to protect substitutes from poor student behavior. Carry the student handbook with you and refer to it when necessary. Don’t be afraid to ask the principal or a teacher for clarification. It is essential to understand that every district has its own unique student handbook. While there will be similarities, there will also be significant differences. It is essential that you learn each school’s procedures for emergency situations such as a fire, tornado, or lock-down. Taking the time to have a firm understanding of what is expected of you in these situations can save lives. In addition to knowing the overall protocol for an emergency situation, it is also vital that you have knowledge of emergency routes specific to the room you are subbing in as well as how to lock the door if necessary. Being professional starts with how you dress. Make sure that you know the district’s dress code for teachers and adhere to it. It is equally crucial to understand that you are working with minors. Use appropriate language, don’t try to be their friends, and don’t get too personal with them. Meet with the School PrincipalVisit with the TeacherKnow the Student HandbookKnow Emergency ProtocolBe Professional While You Sub Arriving early is a key component of your day. There are so many things a substitute needs to do to ensure that they have a fantastic day before school begins. The first thing they need to do is to report to the appropriate place. After checking in, a substitute should spend the remainder of their time looking over the daily schedule and the lesson plans, making sure that they have a clear understanding of the material they will be required to teach that day. Getting to know the teachers in the rooms around you can provide you with a lot of assistance. They will likely be able to help you with questions specific to the schedule and the content. They may also be able to give you additional tips specific to your students that could benefit you. Finally, it can be beneficial to build a relationship with these teachers because you may have the opportunity to sub for them at some point. Every teacher runs their room different, but the overall makeup of the students in the room will always be the same. You will always have students who are class clowns, others who are quiet, and those that simply want to help. You want to identify the handful of students that will be helpful throughout the day quickly. These students can assist you with finding materials in the classroom, making sure you stay on schedule, etc. The classroom teacher will be able to tell you whom these students are if you are able to visit with them beforehand. This is the single most crucial component of being an effective substitute teacher. Students of all ages are going to push a substitute to see what they can get away with. Start the day off by setting your own expectations and rules. Don’t let them get away with anything. Hold them accountable for their actions and don’t be afraid to assign them consequences. If this doesn’t get their attention, then go ahead and refer them to the principal. Word will spread that you’re a no-nonsense substitute, and students will begin to challenge you less and less making your job much easier in the long run. The single biggest thing that will bother a regular classroom teacher about a substitute is for the substitute to deviate from their plans. The teacher leaves specific assignments that they fully expect to be completed when they return. Deviating or not completing these activities is seen as disrespectful, and you can bet that they will ask the principal not to put that substitute back in their room. Arrive EarlyGet to Know Surrounding TeachersIdentify the HelpersBe StrictStay on Task After You Sub A teacher wants to know how your day went. It is beneficial to include students that were helpful as well as the students that gave you problems. Be detailed including what they did and how you handled it. Address any issues you may have had with the curriculum. Finally, let them know that you enjoyed being in their classroom and give them your phone number to contact you should they have any additional questions. It is important that you leave the room in as good of or better condition than it was when you arrived. Do not let students leave materials or books strung out all over the room. At the end of the day, take a few minutes to have the students help pick up trash on the floor and get the classroom back in order. Leave a NoteStraighten the Room

Professional and Strategic Communications Essay

Professional and Strategic Communications - Essay Example It therefore fuses the pushing and the delivering through the communication of the best message through the right channels as measured against a well-considered communication-specific and organizational goals. Strategic communication always involves different professional disciplines that may include management, technical communication, advertising and media relations amongst other relevant disciplines. Successful strategic communication must endeavour to communicate in order to influence a target audience or group of individuals and must be rational and authentic. Therefore, strategic communication concerns itself with planning for the future, implementation of specific tactics and taking into consideration the dynamism of the environment. This paper explores both professional and strategic communication through the exploration of the important role that behaviour change plays in successful communication and the challenges in the management of communication. For effective profession al and tactful communication, it is important that the person or the organization observes certain factors. The person communicating must be able to determine his objective before embarking on the communication in that you should understand the message before expressing it to others as establishing the goal will make the communication is concise and appropriate. It is important to consider your relationship to the audience or the persons to whom the communication is intended to by keeping and adhering to your professional status in mind as you communicate to the audience in anticipation of their reaction to the message being conveyed. The person communicating must use the appropriate terminology to demonstrate his professionalism and competence in passing the message across. Professional communication dictate that the person stays in control of his body language as the audience normally evaluates the message and its intention based on the posturing and the choice or words as even th e most tactful message can repel an audience. Azjen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as espoused by Icek Ajzen is important as it helps us in the understanding the transformation in behaviour of a person as it predicts deliberate behaviour or that behaviour that has been planned. It was developed after the discovery of the fact that behaviour is not always fully voluntary and under control which was later taken as perceived behavioural control. Therefore, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) states that the actions by human beings are guided by three considerations which include the behavioural beliefs which are those that are due to the consequences of behaviour and normative beliefs that are those beliefs about the normative expectations of others. Another consideration is the control beliefs that are the belief about the presence of factors that may expedite or impede the performance of behaviour. These considerations argued by Ajz en are important in the changing of the behaviour of human beings. It is important

Labor Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Labor Relations - Essay Example Based on this premise the company maintains good relationship with its employees and this is the basic fact behind the success that the company enjoys at the international level. Every employee of the company, irrespective of the level at which he or she operates, make noticeable contribution to the overall performance of the company. This value is reflected in the activities and policies made at the managerial level of the company, which ensures that the employees are encouraged to put their best efforts so that they might help the company maximize its performance. The organizational leaders have developed the Workplace Rights Policy of the Coca Cola Company by strictly following the international standards for human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work proposed by the International Labor Organization's and also the United Nations Global Compact. This policy is equally applicable to all the members, irrespect ive of the proportion of stake it holds in the company. In all the countries in which the Coca Cola Company operates, it makes sure that the principles strictly abided by the bottling partners of the company, although these companies might operate independently as separate organizations. The company also encourages them to adopt these policies so that these partner organizations might work in a more synchronized manner with the Coca Cola Company. The labor employment policy of the company includes the following major components; freedom of Association, campaign against forced labor, campaign against child labor, freedom of collective bargaining, discrimination among laborers on the basis of cast, race or social status, working hours, proper wage rate, healthy and safe Workplace, security at the workplace and engagement of the stakeholders of the company as well as the entire community (Coca-Cola India, 2010). Labor-related issues Racial discrimination Racial discrimination is a seri ous problem for the multinational corporations. Since they operate in different countries they are required to maintain the traditions and cultures of the regions. Since they utilize the labor force of the relevant country, the management has to be conscious about the about the rights and the demands of the local labor force and make policies that would not hurt the interests of these laborers. In 2000, Coca Cola paid $192.5 million for settling a lawsuit against racial discrimination in the US segment of the company. This was aimed at changing and managing the way minority employees are treated in the country. An allegation made against the company in 2003 said that black skinned population is underrepresented in the top management of the company and they also receive less payment than their white skinned counterparts (Business-Human rights, 2013). Issues with Coca Cola Although the Coca Cola Company has a strong employee policy and believes in maintaining good relationship with la bor unions in all the operating segments in the world, the company has faced strict criticism from the public, the media and other international watchdogs. In some of the countries in which the company operates, it has been charged of providing degraded working conditions to the workers and also accused of inhuman behavior with the labor union leaders. Particularly, in the

Child labour in the global economy

Child labour in the global economy This report proposes to examine the key effects, elements and issues surrounding child labour in relation to the global economy. Through their thorough and convincing research, the authors, Eric .V.Edmonds and Nina Pavcnik (2005) estimate the number of economically active children between the ages of 5-14 years and claim that parental poverty is its main cause. However, they are hesitant to endorse the widely held belief that international policies are the solution to this global crisis; rather they suggest more domestic measures to limit it, such as affordable education and more job stimulation. They also argue that contrary to popular perception most working children engage in domestic/market work rather than in manufacturing establishments. Introduction The term Child Labour is a widespread phenomenon often equated to child abuse. In Erics footnote on What is Child Labour? He states the International Labour Organisations (ILO) definition of child labour which is defines an economically active child as a child labourer if she is under 12 and economically active for one or more hours per week, 12-14 and working more than 14hours per week or one or more hours per week in activities that are hazardous by nature or circumstance and if she is 15-17 and works in unconditional work forms of child labour (trafficked children, children in bondage or forced labour, armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, illicit activities)(ILO 2002, cited in Edmonds and Pavcnik 2005; pp.200). Edmonds asserts however that these forms of child labour are rare. He insists stating that children engage in activities which could either be harmful or beneficial depending on the type of activity and also the impact on the child should depend on what the child would be doing if not working (the childs alternative foregone). Household Survey evidence by the ILOs Statistical information and monitoring program on child labour (SIMPOC) also defines child labour as A child is defined as economically active if he or she works for wages (cash or in-kind); works in the family farm in the production and processing of primary products; works in family enterprises that are making primary products for the market, barter or own consumption; or is unemployed and looking for these types of work (ILO 2002,cited in Edmonds and Pavcnik 2005; pp.201). This is a more practical definition taking into account that most children work at home for their families; either on the farm or domestically. The rare hazardous forms of labour stated in the ILOs definition are difficult to make out in household surveys which the SIMPOC are based on thus specialized surveys are conducted by the ILO and other concerned organizations. As a result of these surveys, the ILOs SIMPOC (2002) estimates 8.4 million children engage in unconditional work forms of child labour and of these, 68 percent are in bonded or forced labour (forms of slavery). According to Edmond and Pavncik most child labourers are employed by their parents to work on the farm or domestically which goes against the widely held view that children work mainly in manufacturing establishments and other forms of employment. They argue that children also face risks in the simplest forms of labour as they get older, for example agriculture, due to exposure to toxic chemicals, harsh weather conditions, animals/parasites. Ashagrie (1997) agrees with this point stating that the self reported injury rate from child labour surveys of chi ldren working in agriculture is actually higher at 2 percent than the 9 percent level reported in manufacturing. (Ashagrie 1997 cited in Edmonds and Pavcnik 2005; pp.208) Edmonds and Pavnciks article posits an open research question as to whether the reasons children engage in these hazardous working conditions differs from the driving force of children working on their family businesses or domestic work. Literature review. Child labour in the global economy is estimated at 211million, ILO (2002), which accounts for 18 % of children, aged 5-14 worldwide. Of these, 60 % are in Asia and 23 % in sub Saharan Africa. Although Asia has a greater percentage of child labours Africa has a higher participation rate estimated at 30%. SIMPOC also estimates that 4 % of children work in transition economies (i.e. countries undergoing economic liberalization) and 2% in developed countries. The United Nations childrens educational fund (UNICEF) conducted three surveys in thirty-six less developed countries in 2000 and 2001 providing information on the participation rates in both domestic and market work for 124 million children. The first survey helps buttress Edmond and Pavcniks point on child workers engaging mainly in domestic/ market work rather than manufacturing establishments. Participation rates in various activities for 124million children 5-14 from 36 countries in 2000. All children 5-14 Age 5-9 10-14 Gender Male Female Location Urban Rural Market work (MAR) 25.0 15.3 35.2 26.6 23.3 18.9 30.5 Paid 2.4 1.0 4.0 2.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 unpaid 5.8 4.4 7.3 5.6 5.9 4.0 7.3 family 20.8 12.4 29.7 22.4 19.1 14.8 26.2 Domestic work (DOM) 64.6 50.8 79.2 59.3 69.9 60.7 67.4 Any work (MAR + DOM) 68.4 53.5 84.3 64.8 72.1 64.1 71.7 20 or more hours per week 20.7 10.3 31.8 19.4 22.1 14.1 26.4 40 or more hours per week 6.4 2.7 10.3 6.1 6.7 3.6 8.8 UNICEF End of Decade Assessment microdata, (2000). See Edmonds and Pavcnik (2005, JEP). From the table above it is evident that less than 3% of children work outside the household for pay and this is mainly the case in rural settlements rather than urban where manufacturing activities are dominant. Approximately 6% participate in unpaid work. Edmonds and Pavcnik interpret these unpaid children as those children who help their neighbours in the farm or business or could also be children receiving in-kind payments (food) as well as children who are indebted to their employees by their parents. However in contrast to this, 20.8% of children work in family businesses and of this figure, 26.2% are in rural areas and 14.8% in urban. The authors further research shows that there is an agreement with this UNICEF survey from other available data from countries like Nepal, South Africa, Vietnam, India as well as Bangladesh where child labour in its garment industry also had a figure of 1.2% unpaid children age 5-14 as cited in a 2002 child labour survey. According to the table ap proximately 65% of children work domestically and 68% work in both market and domestic work. There is a high participation rate pattern by older female children age 10-14 in rural areas. The table also shows that they tend to work longer hours than males. This is probably due to cultural domestic values. Agriculture takes the largest part of the employment sector in countries (e.g. Kenya 77% In 1998, Guatemala 63 %in 2000, Ethiopia 89% in 2001 etc) followed closely by domestic work and then manufacturing which is only a percentage of economically active children. Figures from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) 2004 (FOA 2004 cited in Edmonds and Pavcnik 2005)match with this indicating that most adults work in agriculture and since most children work with their parents they also work in agriculture. There is a trade off between work and school for child labourers. Most working children attend school and the UNICEF estimates in its second survey the total hours of work in relation to different types of work as well as school attendance. The data shows that on average, children spend 26 hours on market work weekly. Children that work for their families and are unpaid spend 27hours weekly. Paid employment takes up more hours in a week and by older children. Children that take part in domestic work spend 16 hours per week .Edmonds and Pavcnik further stated that these figures should not imply that domestic work is insignificant because on average, majority of the hours spent on market work is indeed domestic work. However children that attend school spend less hours working than those who do not attend school. The third survey below by the UNICEF reports the school attendance of children aged 5-14. From the table we observe that approximately 70% of children in that age range attend school and this attendance is mainly in favour of older male boys, in urban areas. School attendance conditional on work status accounts for 74%. There is a 14% likelihood that children who do not work do not attend school but this is reflected mainly in younger children. Less than 5 % of the 30% of children that do not attend school work in market work only and we see that domestic work is more popular in this case as 32% of the 30% participate in it alone. Thus Edmonds states that in ignoring this figure of domestic work researchers would lose out on one of the segments of children not attending school. A large fraction of children, 42%, well known as idle attend neither school nor work Work and schooling status for 124million children 5-14 from 36 countries in 2000 All children 5-14 Age 5-9 10-14 Gender Male female Location Urban rural Attend school 69.5 58.9 80.8 70.768.3 75.1 63.9 Attendance rates conditional Any work Not work 73.9 60.0 64.1 80.6 52.9 82.2 75.7 72.3 61.6 57.8 80.1 68.3 64.9 52.8 Conditional on nonattendance Domestic only Market only 32.0 4.5 30.8 34.9 2.8 8.3 27.1 36.6 6.3 2.7 31.8 32.0 4.9 4.3 Both market and domestic Not work 22.0 41.5 13.1 42.2 53.3 14.6 20.3 23.5 46.2 37.1 12.8 26.6 50.6 37.1 UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey End of Decade Assessment microdata.(2002) Child labourers face consequences on schooling attainment because time spent working gives less time for extracurricular activities and might weaken their school performance. Orazem and Gunnarsson (2004) find that third and fourth graders who attend school but never work in market or domestic work perform 28 % better on mathematics tests and 19% better on language tests than children who attend school and work. Empirical evidence of this is given in an example by Beegle, Dehejia and Gatti (2004) wherein after five years of working and schooling they examined the status of young adults in Vietnam. They observed that a one standard deviation increase in the hours worked by children attending school is equated to a 35% decrease in educational attainment. Edmonds and Pavcnik however are of the school of thought that this negative correlation between working and grade advancement might reflect that low performing students engage in work rather than that work generates low-performing stude nts. Parents send their children to work not by choice but as a result of economic necessity thus Child labour is caused fundamentally by poverty and as far back as data show, there have been several policies proposed with the aim of fighting against child labour worldwide. Have these legislative acts helped solve the problem of child labour? To answer this question Edmonds and Pavncik give two examples, firstly the US Congress enacted laws prohibiting the importation of goods made by children and as a result of these sanctions, Bangladesh was said to have released over 10,000 paid child workers below the age of 14 from its garment industry in the mid 1900s. Evidently this is not drastic as the figures are a tenth of the percentage of child workers in Bangladesh. Furthermore Moehling (1999) finds little evidence that minimum wage laws in manufacturing sectors put into practice between the years 1880 and 1910 contributed to the decline in child labour during this period. In addition, the a uthors state that more recent studies show that the US House of Representatives have discussed the Child labour elimination act which would enforce punitive measures, alter financial support, and order US oppositions from multilateral development banks to 62 developing countries affected by child labour. Edmonds and Pavcnik argue that although these policies might help reduce child labour, they are not guaranteed to be successful in less developed nations where they are targeted at for these reasons enumerated in their article: Lack of available resources to implement policies (i.e. bans) mainly in cases where the children engage in market work for their parents wherein the end product contributes to the family income. Child labour policies are seen as a case of multiple equilibrium, Basu and Van (1998), whereby children that work at low wages are at one equilibrium and increased adult wages when children do not work are at another therefore defeating the purpose of the ban. Moreover according to Basus example (2003), if firms are fined for child labour, the cost of the fine increases the demand for cheap child labour as opposed to high earning adult workers in order to make more profit to offset the fine which in turn makes child labour necessary. Children that are prohibited from working legitimately might move into more hazardous forms of child labour or non exporting sectors of the economy such as prostitution however there is no scientific evidence of this. Since Poverty is the main cause of child labor it would be logical to combat child labor by A) Improving the standard of living of families i.e. increasing adult income which in turn does the following Diminishes the marginal utility of income which decreases the value of marginal contribution because as more income comes into the family form parents it eliminates the satisfaction derived from the income contribution of the child. Brings about the purchase of alternatives used in place of child labour (e.g. washing machines) Increases a childs productive level in schooling (human capital) because the family is now able to afford necessary materials (e.g. textbooks) B) Encouraging credit markets to give loans to poor households is another suggestive method because child labor has been said to be a result of credit market imperfections. Baland and Robinson 2000; Ranjan, 2001 agree with this stating Several theoretical studies emphasize that if credit markets allowed households to borrow against future earnings child labor could be much reduced C) Providing affordable education because parents would be willing to contribute to improve their childrens long run chances yet, are however left with no choice but to send their children to work due to the perceived returns to schooling. Policies have been adopted to reduce chid labour through educational subsidies. An example of such is the Progresa program in Mexico which is predominately used in many countries worldwide. It gives parents an incentive to keep their child in school. Parents are paid if the school certifies that the child has been attending school regularly. Thus it is a demand approach aimed at reducing the cost of schooling, which varies with age of the child, and increasing family income. Conclusively relying on laws and their enforcement as discussed previously, is a necessary but unsatisfactory solution to child labour. Overall, economic development interventions relevant to the underlying cause are more effective policy tools to reduce the incidence of child labour.