Key Events in French History

Coal in the Industrial Revolution

Before the eighteenth century, Britain — and the rest of Europe — had produced coal, but only in a limited quantity. Coal pits were small, and half were opencast mines (just big holes in the surface). Their market was just the local area, and their businesses were localized, usually just the sideline of a larger estate. Drowning and suffocation were also very real problems.​ During the period of the industrial revolution, as demand for coal soared thanks to iron and steam, as the technology to produce coal improved and the ability to move it increased, coal experienced a massive escalation. From 1700 to 1750 production increased by 50% and nearly another 100% by 1800. During the later years of the first revolution, as steam power really took a firm grip, this rate of increase soared to 500% by 1850. The Demand for Coal The rising demand for coal came from many sources. As the population increased, so did the domestic market, and people in town needed coal because they weren’t near to forests for wood or charcoal. More and more industries used coal as it became cheaper and thus more cost-effective than other fuels, from iron production to simply bakeries. Shortly after 1800 towns began to be lit by coal powered gas lamps, and fifty-two towns had networks of these by 1823. During the period wood became more expensive and less practical than coal, leading to a switch. In addition, in the second half of the eighteenth-century, canals, and after this railways, made it cheaper to move greater amounts of coal, opening up wider markets. In addition, the railways were a source of major demand. Of course, coal had to be in a position to supply this demand, and historians trace several deep connections to other industries, discussed below. Coal and Steam Steam had an obvious impact on the coal industry in generating vast demand: steam engines needed coal. But there were direct effects on production, as Newcomen and Savery pioneered the use of steam engines in coal mines to pump water, lift produce and provide other support. Coal mining was able to use steam to go deeper than ever before, getting more coal out of its mines and increasing production. One key factor to these engines was they could be powered by poor quality coal, so mines could use their waste in it and sell their prime material. The two industries —  coal and steam —  were both vital for each other and grew symbiotically. Coal and Iron Darby was the first person to use coke – a form of processed coal – to smelt iron in 1709. This advance spread slowly, largely due to the cost of coal. Other developments in iron followed, and these also used coal. As the prices of this material fell, so iron became the major coal user, increasing demand for the substance vastly, and the two industries mutually stimulated each other. Coalbrookdale pioneered iron tramways, which enabled coal to be moved more easily, whether in mines or on route to buyers. Iron was also needed for coal using and facilitating steam engines.   Coal and Transport There are also close links between coal and transport, as the former needs a strong transport network able to move bulky goods. The roads in Britain before 1750 were very poor, and it was hard to move large, heavy goods. Ships were able to take coal from port to port, but this was still a limiting factor, and rivers were often of little use due to their natural flows. However, once transport improved during the industrial revolution, coal could reach greater markets and expand, and this came first in the form of canals, which could be purpose-built and move large quantities of heavy material. Canals halved the transport costs of coal compared to the packhorse. In 1761 the Duke of Bridgewater opened a canal built from Worsley to Manchester for the express purpose of carrying coal. This was a major piece of engineering including a ground-breaking viaduct. The Duke earned wealth and fame from this initiative, and the Duke was able to expand production because of the demand for his cheaper coal. Other canals soon followed, many built by coal mine owners. There were problems, as canals were slow, and iron trackways still had to be used in places. Richard Trevithick built the first moving steam engine in 1801, and one of his partners was John Blenkinsop, a coal mine owner searching for cheaper and faster transport. Not only did this invention pull large quantities of coal quickly, but it also used it for fuel, for iron rails, and for building. As railways spread, so the coal industry was stimulated with railway coal use rising. Coal and the Economy Once coal prices fell it was used in a huge number of industries, both new and traditional, and was vital for iron and steel. It was a very vital industry for the industrial revolution, stimulating industry and transport. By 1900 coal was producing six percent of the national income despite having a small workforce with only limited benefits from technology.

What Happened William Stammered - 1330 Words

â€Å"Hey. You alright?† Tabitha asked. â€Å"What happened?† William stammered. â€Å"Come on, you gotta get up. You’re scheduled to have a contract negotiation in my room at 10:00 am sharp. Get yourself together.† WILLIAM showered and cleaned himself up as best he could. He downed three Advils, and made his way to the first floor of the hotel. He knocked on Tabitha’s door. â€Å"Come in,† Tabitha called. William opened the door and stepped into the suite. Tabitha stood up from a small table next to the window and walked towards William with her hand outstretched. She was dressed in a business suit with her hair tied back in a bun. There was no trace of a hangover. Tabitha shook William’s hand with a crisp, professional efficiency. â€Å"Good morning, Mr.†¦show more content†¦It’s nice to speak with you. Tabitha has told me a lot about you.† â€Å"It’s nice to speak with you, too, sir† William said. â€Å"So what did you think of the seminar?† â€Å"It’s very interesting, Mr. Brigham.† â€Å"Please, call me Jason. So, are you ready to jump on board?† â€Å"Let’s just say you’ve got my attention.† â€Å"Excellent, then let’s see if we can come up with something that will hold that attention. William, I’m prepared to offer you a contract with a base salary of $28,500.00 for next year. The salary will be paid out from September through August over 24 bi-weekly pay periods,† Jason said. As Jason spoke, Tabitha leaned over and removed a folder from a briefcase on the floor. She opened the folder, clicked a ballpoint pen and began taking notes. â€Å"Beyond the base salary,† Jason said. â€Å"I’m prepared to offer you some performance-based bonuses. The first performance bonus will be based on student performance. Next year, you will have a caseload of 125 students. In March of next year, those students will all take a standardized assessment called Smarter Balanced or S-Bac. It’s aligned to national standards called the Common Core. All students in the State of Connecticut and 25 other states take the same assessment. Are you familiar with the Common Core and the S-Bac test?† â€Å"Yes, sir,† William said. â€Å"Good. If all of your students score in the advanced level you will receive a $50,000 bonus. Tabitha will show you a sliding scale that outlines

Corporate Social Responsibility A Business Ethics Stance...

Corporate Social Responsibility From a business ethics stance â€Å"corporate social responsibility† (Velazquez, 2007, pp. 23), refers to the social interest an organization manifest in the environment it operates. SoftMagic has not seized opportunities from corporate social responsibility. In the U.S., the use of pro-bono activities to develop networking is fundamental considering that multiple leaders of different firms participate and engage in activities that consequently offer an opportunity to market and increase the awareness of the organization. One more time, the cultural challenge seems to have affected the opportunities for SoftMagic. Summarizing Current State Considering the lack of an explicit vision and mission, SoftMagic develop a U.S. penetration model substantiated in a serendipity occurred when a chief architect of a major transnational organization (TO) in U.S. found the tool by performing research. SoftMagic decided to copy where possible similar success, but multiple factors affected their attempts and lack of fundamental strategic elements has inflicted the organization’s performance. In fact, a quick review of finances, demonstrate that after its first year of operations in U.S., the organization â€Å"current return ratio† (Ehrhardt, 2011, p. 89) was at 1.16. In the second year the same ratio was at 1.06, and in the third year (quarters 1 and 2), the current return ratio is at 1.01. Consequently, the organization’s cash flow has been diminishing, andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Social Responsibility1040 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Every individual view ethics differently. No matter how one view ethics at the end of the day ethics is a determination of an individual’s own belief of what is right or wrong. 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Giraffe Project Award Essay Free Essays

Joseph Nicholas, 61, a former tribal council r and state preventative, and David Francis, 70, a former clam digger, woodchopper an d blueberry picker, went out of their way to help prevent a language who’s already in a severe case e Of extinction. Joseph and David both provide acts out of caring. They are teaching the child en of Amine’s Pusillanimous Indian Tribe how to learn a new language, which in t his case, is new to the children but very old to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Giraffe Project Award Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The language Pusillanimous is New Engle end’s last living Indian language. They should teach this language to help preserve greater ext .NET of it’s extinction. Joseph and David are willing to take on significant personal risk. Francis gather RSI words and phrases for a second edition Of the Pusillanimous dictionary. According g to him, if they â€Å"lose their language, they will lose their identity, its the last thing Indians have. † Joseph and David want Indian children to have and take pride in their own heritage. â€Å"Our own kids had no sense of who we really were†. In general, culture and the languages we speak builds up our identity. A lot of people are, and would like to be even more proud of who the y are and where hey come from. Thanks to Joseph and David willing to take on significant per sonar risk, these Indian kids in that tribe will have something to take pride in, which was theirs from the beginning. The two also rock the boat to make thing better, and not more exciting. They are fighting back with special bilingual booklets, instructional videotapes, and classes. â€Å"Mind mans are always the lazy, bad guys in the history books,† says Nicholas. Being stereotyped is De finitely not something to be proud of. In general, nobody would want their race being poor rayed in a bad way, especially broadcasted in public or written in books. So, they’re changing peoples minds by not only teaching the language, but by rocking the boat a little by taking that e extra step of fighting with public broadcastings that make their heritage look bad. David and Joseph are only working, teaching the children of Main?s Passim quoted Indian tribe currently. But, at the same time, they are also gathering terms for a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Believe that they are doing the best they can to preserve this old language, one step at a time. Candidates Joseph Nicholas and David Francis should definitely win the Giraffe e Award. They’ve proven themselves to go above and beyond of just helping preserve a n extinct language. They have acts out of caring by teaching and Indian Tribe a new Ian gauge, rocked the boat to make thing better by fighting with broadcasted negativity towards thee r heritage, and they took significant personal risk by by gathering words and phrases in trying to make a second edition of the Pusillanimous dictionary. Without fail, they’ve stolen my vote fairly. How to cite Giraffe Project Award Essay, Essays

Gender discrimination free essay sample

â€Å"You know, my mom always encouraged me and never made my gender an issue, I guess. She brought me up to believe in equality, as opposed to feminism or sexism so it just meant that my gender was not relevant to what I was capable of achieving. † (Faith); despite laws worldwide stating that there must be equality between females and males, sexism remains one of the most issues we face as a global society. Is sexual discrimination a hindrance which holds back our development as an advanced society and as humans? Awkwardly it is. Women are still being discriminated and maltreated at workplace and politics, and they are underestimated for their capabilities and achievements, where men tend to earn better opportunities and positions, although some may lack the qualifications that women possess. Occupational sexism is one type of discrimination being enforced on women. According to the statistics, â€Å"in 2012, female full-time workers made only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 23 percent. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Hegewisch, pars. 1). This clearly depicts the underestimation that women experience, and the inconsideration for their hard work and perseverance. In fact it is mentioned that, â€Å"Sometimes, they are not treated equally in their workplace and are considered as inferior to their male co-workers. † (â€Å"Problems Faced by Women†, pars. 1). In male-dominated societies, in addition to lower wages for the same occupation, most women have to face daily struggles against biased mentalities and sometimes intolerant and reckless attitudes of male co-workers as stated. Women can be unappreciated for their talents and achievements, and abused for their creativity and uniqueness. Despite the fact that that some women own rare qualifications needed to attend to certain task, less qualified men tend to be treated more leniently than women in the workplace . In our society especially, female bosses are viewed to be less capable than males, where the act of leadership is most seen as a masculine position (Daily Mail, pars 1). Moreover, another form of feminism is the one being mostly manipulated by men in terms of power and dominance, political discrimination. According to a research, â€Å"in Saudi Arabia and Vatican City, women can’t vote or run for office†¦still† (Dewey, pars. 8). Prohibiting the right to vote against women has not only raised many questions concerning this act of discrimination, but it has also created acts of rebellion in many countries. Are men the only accredited humans with rights? Are women acknowledged as useless insufficient creatures? Unfortunately, although we live in this modern world of technology, the answer is clear; sexism is one of the strongest causes of retardation in the advancement of society. One simple example would be the capability of women to be more diplomatic. The aversion of women to violence and their innate roles as protectors and caregivers give them great potential for political positions in a government. The conclusion for this controversial argument is the fight for women against sexual discrimination and the establishment of effective laws against the sexes. Gender is irrelevant of one’s capabilities and talents, for females in some advanced countries are equally as successful and determined as males, if not more simply for the fact that they carry the burden of discriminated against along with their success. Therefore, the mentality of those men that support sexism should be completely modified. It is stated that, â€Å"Sexism is not the fault of women- kill your fathers, not your mothers. † (Morgan). Ultimately, it is education and the reframing of our vision for a better society and our willingness to work for a better tomorrow, that can hopefully eliminate gender discrimination.

Medical Tourism in India

Question: Discuss about the Medical Tourism in India. Answer: Discussion of Results Discussion on Hypotheses In this particular section of chapter 4, the researcher will mainly argue about all the hypotheses that have already been discussed in chapter 2 under the section of the literature review. Here, the researcher will primarily analyze that the chosen research hypotheses are whether relevant or not to the research topic. H1: India has become more competitive in terms of advance health care service and low cost advantage. For the first hypothesis, it has been discussed earlier that the country India is more competitive in terms of both advanced health care service and low cost advantage. Thus, the null hypothesis has been rejected here for this particular research study. It has been found that in the eastern part of Asia there are various countries such as Korea, Malaysia, Thailand that also provide good quality health care services to the people who visit the respective countries (Kaur 2012). However, as per the literature review or study, it has been noted that the cost for treatment or the price rate for providing the good quality health care service is relatively much less in India than in the other countries in the west like the United States, Costa Rica and Mexico (Vijayanambi and Kannan 2011). Thus, the research analysis in the literature review section indicates that the country India provides advance health care service to the inbound tourists of medical tourism at relatively cheaper cost a nd this acts a competitive advantage for the particular nation. H2: Various important factors help to attract the medical tourists to visit the country India and thus enhance and enriches the medical tourism in India. In this particular case, the second hypothesis i.e. H2 has been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected. The reason behind this is that there are several important factors that help the country India to attract more medical tourists and to visit the nation in order to enhance and enrich the medical tourism in India (Love 2012). These various reasons include the cost effectiveness in visiting India for the inbound tourists, the good quality of health care and services are provided in the particular nation, there are availability of various travelling convenience and several methods of treatment (Hall 2011). All these primary factors have boosted the growth of the medical tourism in India. The other factors that also affect the growth of the medical tourism in India include effective treatment for meeting the problems related to reproduction, the official language of the nation is English that also facilitates in easy communication, the affordable and reasonable prices for treatment facilities and availing accommodation also put positive impact on the particular hypothesis (Novikov and Novikov 2013). In addition to this, the mode of treatment is much easier in India. Thus, it can be said that all these factors act as a positive cause for attracting the medical tourists in India. H3: The tourism sector and the health care sector of the country India contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the particular country. The third hypothesis is also been accepted and the null hypothesis has been rejected in this particular case. The reason behind this is that it has been founded that there is a booming prospect for the medical tourism industry in India. As per the survey research it has been noted that the Indian market for the inbound tourists is continuously expanding especially in the sector of medical tourism (Gyu 2011). It has been stated in the literature review section that the growth of GDP will take place by 13 % within next six years in the field of medical tourism (Natarajan 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the medical tourism sector and the health care sector of the particular nation India will contribute a huge amount cumulatively to the GDP of the nation (Debata et al. 2011). The other reason behind this growth is the availability of medical treatment in India at extremely lower cost. This factor has lead to the gradual development and growth of this particular industry in India. H4: The government of the country India has adopted various measures in order to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The fourth hypothesis can also be accepted and the null hypothesis can be rejected as it has been found that the Government of the country India has adopted various measures with the aim to improve both the tourism and medical sectors of the nation. The government of the nation has reduced the taxation, thus it has encouraged the tourism sector as well as the medical sectors (Crooks et al. 2011). The reduced taxation and charges have encouraged the travel agents to provide accommodation to the inbound tourists at lower cost. The charges for medical treatment have also been reduced in order to occupy the competitive advantage regarding the cost effectiveness (Rudra 2011). Therefore, it can be said that the government of the particular nation has adopted various measures in order to improve both the mentioned sectors of the country. Discussion on Literature Review and Research Results It has been found from the literature review section that there are various factors that boost up the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. These factors are the lower cost of the treatment, the lower cost of the accommodation and food, the lower cost for the travel agents all are considered as the cost effectiveness for the inbound tourists who visit the country India (Solomon 2011). It has also been found that various treatments like the treatments related to reproduction, surgery for knee replacement all are done at relatively lower cost than any other countries like the United States, Korea, Costa Rica, Mexico, Malaysia and Thailand (Chandra and Sharma 2013). In addition to this, the high quality of the health care and services also attract the inbound visitors to India and thus high growth takes place in the medical tourism sector and also in health care and services sector (Supino and Borer 2012). Moreover, the tourism convenience in India is much friendly for t he inbound tourists and there are various methods of treatment that help the people to get well sooner and also at lower cost along with good quality of health care and services (Biddle and Emmett 2013). All these factors are considered as the positive aspect for the growth of the medical tourism in the country India. In India there are availability of various types of treatments like Naturopathy, Ayurveda, Yoga and music and aroma therapy (6 and Bellamy 2012). All these help in enriching and expanding the opportunities of the particular country India in the field of medical tourism. Therefore, it can be said that there are various prospects of medical tourism industry in India. However, it has also been found that the country India also faces various challenges regarding the medical tourism sector though it has a greater opportunity of attracting more inbound tourists (Srivastava 2011). Recommendations Therefore, it can be recommended from the literature review section that the country India should work hard and should take various steps to overcome all the challenges that are faced by the medical tourism sector of the country. Therefore, the government of the particular country should take proper steps such that visas to the country can be obtained easily, fast and at lower expense. It has been found that many tourists have faced various troubles in communicating with the non-medical staffs as they are not well-versed in the English language. This implies that training should be provided to the non-medical staffs especially in the inter-cultural communication skills and also in soft skills with the aim to provide high quality service to the inbound tourists. It has also been noted that the travelers who visit India for the purpose of medical treatment are happy and satisfied with the lower cost of the treatment but often complain about the high accommodation and restaurant costs i n the country. Therefore, the government of the country should look after all these factors such that the continuous growth of the medical tourism can be maintained in the future. Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the country India has recently appeared as an important center for medical destination of the inbound tourists who travel from various countries in order to get effective as well as affordable modes of treatment. The country India has the capability of providing both traditional methods of treatment as well as the most specialized and innovative healthcare systems. Thus, the wide variety of methods for treatment of various diseases is available in India and this is the main cause or reason for attracting more travelers to India for treating. This helps in enriching and enhancing the medical tourism sector of the particular country. In addition this, it has been found that the various countries of Asia such as Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Singapore are also considered as an important destination for medical treatment or medical tourism. However, India wins over all these mentioned countries due to much convenient procedures of treatment and also d ue to lower expenses for treatment. It has been noted that the medical staffs of the particular country possess international expertise, the excellent accommodation and food services and the technologically driven diagnostic care fuel the expansion of this medical tourism sector of India. It has been found that though there are so many positives regarding the medical tourism in India, there are various challenges and issues to this specific sector that can be resolved accurately in order to run the particular sector in a positive direction. Future Work It can be stated that this particular research study will help the researchers in future. As per the research study, it has been found that the health care sector of the country India is currently earning a revenue amount of $ 17 billion and it has been expected that this will grow steadily in the near future. As per the experts and economists, it has been identified that the revenue of the country India will increase by about 13 % in coming six years in the field of medical tourism. Thus, the government of the particular country India should take proper remedial steps in order to overcome all the challenges and issues that are currently facing by the country. This specific research study is much enriched with various current information and data. Thus this research topic and the research study will help the researchers in future to study regarding the particular research topic. References 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012).Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Biddle, J. and Emmett, R. (2013).A research annual. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Crooks, V., Turner, L., Snyder, J., Johnston, R. and Kingsbury, P. (2011). Promoting medical tourism to India: Messages, images, and the marketing of international patient travel.Social Science Medicine, 72(5), pp.726-732. Debata, B., Patnaik, B., Mahapatra, S. and Sreekumar, N. (2011). Development of an instrument for measuring service quality of medical tourism in India.IJICBM, 4(6), p.589. Gyu Ko, T. (2011). Medical Tourism System Model.International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 11(1), pp.17-51. Hall, C. (2011).Fieldwork in tourism. London: Routledge. K.S. VIJAYANAMBI, K. and Dr.R.KANNAN, D. (2011). Recent Trends in Medical Tourism in India.IJAR, 4(5), pp.619-621. Kaur, M. (2012). Medical Tourism in India.PARIPEX, 3(1), pp.64-66. Love, K. (2012).Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Novikov, A. and Novikov, D. (2013).Research methodology. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema. R. Natarajan, P. (2011). Innovative Strategies For Enhancing the Image of India in Medical Tourism.IJAR, 4(6), pp.1-3. Rudra, P. (2011).Impacts of medical and wellness tourism centers on the communities around them. Solomon, H. (2011). Affective journeys: the emotional structuring of medical tourism in India.Anthropology Medicine, 18(1), pp.105-118. Srivastava, R. (2011).State of healthcare in India. New Delhi: DPS Pub. House. Supino, P. and Borer, J. (2012).Principles of research methodology. New York, NY: Springer.