Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men - 998 Words

In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck utilizes loneliness as an overarching theme, there is however one character that is noticeably longer than the others in Steinbecks novella. This character is Crooks, a bitter and aloof man, he used to have a family with brothers and a 10 acre chicken ranch. Now he lives the life of a stable buck isolated by his race (he is the only African American on the ranch) among other things (Steinbeck,2002). This loneliness truly characterises him and causes no end to his bitterness. John Steinbeck Portrays Crooks as the loneliest character because, he is isolated by race, disability, location and a lack of companionship. Loneliness is an theme deeply represented in Of Mice and Men. From the obvious examples†¦show more content†¦Cause Im black.† (Stienbeck,2002). This is exemplifies how he is racially isolated. When Crooks was younger he had family but he was part of the only non-white family in the area and therefore had little companionship from an early age. While you could argue that because he has known nothing but loneliness he would therefore have no knowledge of another way of being it is hinted that Crooks used to be part of a relatively wealthy family with companions. He says, â€Å"I remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers. They was always near me, always there.† (Stienbeck,2002). These examples both paint Crooks as a mournful person missing his old life and feeling constant loneliness regarding his current life. Crooks is also isolated by his community. Crooks is shown as being isolated from the community, this is defining factor that characterises him. He is isolated from the ranch community and the community in Soledad for two primary reasons, his race and his disability. Crooks was kicked by a horse prior the start of the book, this leaves him unable to stand up straight and similarly to Candy gives him the appearance of uselessness (Steinbeck,2002). He is unable to work in the fields as the other men do and therefore he is even more isolated from their community. In addition to this his exclusion from the bunkhouse means he has almost no interaction with the other men on the ranch. This isolation also applies to the neighboringShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men816 Words   |  4 PagesDepression. He dropped out of college to pursue his passion for writing. In 1937, he wrote Of Mice and Men, one of his more serious novellas. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses the characters Crooks, Cur leys wife, and Candy to contribute to the overall theme of loneliness. To begin, Steinbeck uses Crooks, the stable hand who is discriminated against, to contribute to the theme of loneliness. Crooks is so highly discriminated against because he is the only black man on the ranch,Read MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness1641 Words   |  7 PagesOF Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Controlled Assessment - Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California, America. Loneliness is the consistent theme running through the novel, relating as it does to the other themes namely: broken dreams and prejudice. Steinbeck illustrates through Curleys wife, Candy, and Crooks, three main characters of the novel the great negative effect of loneliness onRead MoreTheme Of Loneliness In Mice Of Men725 Words   |  3 Pagestalk about and no one to talk to.† In the book Mice of Men by John Steinbeck he expresses loneliness through many of his characters in his book. Loneliness is a theme that is throughout the story that so many characters had. Their loneliness can let us see that characters in a different light and Steinbeck wants the reader to see. George, Crooks, and Curley’s Wife are characters that have loneliness that festers inside of them in different ways. Loneliness can come from many different things and takeRead MoreThe Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men1919 Words   |  8 Pageslonely an’ he gets sick†(Steinbeck 72-73). While an African American man named Crooks made this comment in Steinbeck’s novella Of Mice and Men, this sentiment can also be applied to anyone who is lonely, especially if they lived through the Great Depression. In the 1930s’, many people experienced awful circumstances that forced them to resort to desperate measures for money. Men often deserted their families and became , migrant workers, travelling from job to job in order to survive. In the novella, CandyRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is book of many themes; one that is very prominent is loneliness. Loneliness is common in many peoples lives and that is also true for the lives of the characters of the book. Almost all characters in the book are l onely in one way or the other. The main characters of the book are George and Lennie. Even though these two seem to have each other, they are both lonesome in a way. Lennies mental retardation isolates him from many people. George is the only personRead MoreThe Theme Of Loneliness In Of Mice And Men By Stienbeck1596 Words   |  7 Pages In the book Of Mice and Men the author Stienbeck captures life,segregation,friendships and rivalries all wrapped in one. For instance when Curley’s wife says â€Å"Listen nigger† she said â€Å"you know what I can do if you open your trap?† (80). That portion of the scene reveals just a slight representation of what life as a black man in the 1930’s was like on the farm. Candy, Curley’s wife and Crooks are three very different people who live on a farm with other workers and acquaintances, yet somehow experienceRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men691 Words   |  3 Pagesstrong theme held throughout the entire novel Of Mice and Men. Without it, many of the key events that occur in the book would not have happened, for example, the death of Curley’s wife, which eventually lead to the unfortunate death of Lennie. To begin with, the overall atmosphere created by the author implies a sense of loneliness. ‘Soledad’, the setting of the book, means loneliness in Spanish, and many hints, such as the numerous games of ‘solitaire’ played, also refer back to the theme, asRead MoreEssay on Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck used George and Lennies relationship and the theme of hope to point out the loneliness in the novel. The novel starts off and is set in Soledad which means lonely. At the beginning they get a job working on a farm together. Lennie is a little retarded and has great physical strength that isnt too controllable. As they work from ranch to ranch, Lennie relies on George for guidance and help. RatherRead MoreThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is set in the farmlands of Salinas Valley in California during the 1930’s. At this time there was a world wide depression caused by the Wall Street crash in America. John Steinbeck was born and brought up in Salinas California, he had lived and experienced a life of a migrant worker and that is what inspired him to write this novel (novella?). This meant he could paint a lot Read MoreThe Theme of Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay examples1765 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men The name of the author of this novel is John Steinbeck. He wrote this novel in 1936 and it was published in 1937. The novel is set in a ranch, which is near the town of Soledad, California. Steinbeck got the name for his novel from a poem by Robert Burns called To a mouse, on turning her up in her nest with the plough. At the time this novel was written America was in the period of the Great Depression. This meant

Database Architecture Free Essays

Database systems are a way to collect and store large amounts of data. Essentially, database are electronic filing systems that store raw data to be later retrieved as useable information (Skillport, ). Using such a tool simplifies the filing and storage of all sorts of information used by businesses today. We will write a custom essay sample on Database Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now A common type of database is a customer/inventory database. Different tables store customer information, past customer orders, inventory counts and distributor information and then this information can be cross-referenced for following inventory pathways. For example, the customer table will have a primary key which is individual for each customer. This key can then be referenced by the customer order table which maintains order history for all customers. The products table can use the same process to access inventory counts and/or supplier information. All of this data is stored separately, but used in different ways. It’s more efficient and more secure than a normal filing system. According to Wingenious (2005), â€Å"The database architecture is the set of specifications, rules, and processes that dictate how data is stored in a database and how data is accessed by components of a system. It includes data types, relationships, and naming conventions. The database architecture describes the organization of all database objects and how they work together. It affects integrity, reliability, scalability, and performance. The database architecture involves anything that defines the nature of the data, the structure of the data, or how the data flows† (Introduction). Depending on the type of architecture you need, there are many choices in software for your Database Management System (DBMS). For small businesses where fewer than 50 users need to access the database and where data can be stored at a centralized location, the best choice would be Microsoft Access. The program has an easy-to-use GUI interface and for designing tables within the database (Coronel, Morris, Rob, 2013). For a larger businesses, or businesses where more than 50 users would need to access the database at the same time, a DBMS with more features is recommended. These DBMS programs usually also have the option to have data stored at and accessed from more than one location, or a distributed database Microsoft SQL Server allows multiple users to access its databases and can even be accessed from more than one location (Coronel, Morris, Rob, 2013). Using Microsoft SQL Server Express, it is even possible for data to be stored locally until the network can access the main server through the network, should network outages become a problem. With this tool, even with the servers go down, users can still input work locally and access the local entries . Jack Henry Associates uses Microsoft SQL for some rather advanced databases. Financial institutions use their software to enter and access large amounts financial information, particularly transit items such as checks, draft slips and return items. These are worked at each branch then host exported into an AS/400 system to post to individual accounts. The same information is also sent to another SQL database where files are imported and exported to the Federal Reserve Bank or other financial institutions. Many of our clients are small institutions where there are fewer than 50 users and only one location. While these clients could use the smaller DBMS, such as Microsoft Access, there are larger clients to consider as well, who have more than 50 users on the system and significant amounts of data collected and transmitted to multiple locations, a larger DBMS is required. Previously, the databases were stored only on the main server, however the newer versions of the software we use require distributed databases, by means of Microsoft SQL Server Express. How to cite Database Architecture, Papers

The Effects of Eli Whitney on America free essay sample

Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin helped bring prosperity to the South, expand slavery, and lead to a civil war. Eli also is credited for popularizing the idea of mass production and interchangeable parts. All of Eli Whitney’s ideas changed the entire country and played a significant role in the history. Eli Whitney was born in Massachusetts in 1765. Eli worked in his father’s nail shop as a teenager. Eli Whitney attended Yale College and graduated in 1792. Eli after college ended up in Georgia on Mrs. Greene’s plantation. Mrs. Greene had offered Eli the opportunity to read law while helping on the plantation. While on the plantation Whitney soon realized the need for a faster way to pick cotton. Whitney came up with the cotton gin in 1793. The cotton â€Å"gin† (gin short for engine) was a simple automated machine that separated cotton seeds from cotton fiber. The cotton gin was made of wooden cylinders surrounded by spikes that pulled the cotton threw combing out the seeds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Eli Whitney on America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This giant mechanical comb-like machine was capable of collecting up to fifty pounds of cotton a day. The task for removing cotton prior to the Cotton Gin was a full day of hard work. Slaves would have to use their hand to remove and clean each individual seed from the cotton. This process used a considerable amount of labor and was a slow process. Whitney’s invention could do this task up to ten times faster than a slave. Whitney applied for the patent to his great product in late 1793 but was not granted it until early 1794. This delay would cause Eli Whitney to have trouble proving it was his original idea. The cotton gin was easily imitated by others due to its simplicity. Eli spent the money he earned from his cotton gin on legal fees and was not awarded the patent exclusively until years later. In the later 1700s the Southern States economy was agriculturally based. They used different â€Å"cash crops† such as: rice, tobacco, and cotton to make a profit. The effects of the cotton gin caused cotton to become the South’s main cash crop. The Southern States economy was tremendously boosted. In 1830 there were 750,000 bales of cotton produced. In 1850 the number of bales rose to 2. 85 million bales due to the cotton gin. Many people believed the cotton gin would cause a reduction in slave labor. The cotton gin had the opposite effect and planters wanted to increase the amount of cotton planted and picked which required more slaves. In 1850 there were 3. 2 million slaves which was a dramatic increase from in 1790 when there were around 700,000. By 1860 the â€Å"King Cotton† harvested in the South made up two -thirds of the world’s cotton production. The invention of the cotton gin not only caused Southern States to rely even more on agricultural products but also expanded slavery. Slavery was already the sectional difference between the North and South. This great expansion of slavery is what led to the American Civil War. In the late eighteenth century Eli Whitney was extremely low on money due to his cotton gin invention. Due to the simplicity of his cotton gin, Whitney’s design was easily imitated. Whitney had tried to patent his product but he failed and lost all his money in legal fees. Being almost bankrupt Whitney accepted a weapons contract from the United States War Department in 1798. There had been a war scare with France and the U. S. realized the need for weapons and started contracting. Eli Whitney was to make 10,000 to 15,000 muskets by 1800. He had never made a musket in his life. Whitney learned the trade and began manufacturing. Whitney was supposed to deliver the arms in one year but it took him eight years. Eli used countless excuses and charades to buy more time with the government. Whitney used the idea of interchangeable parts with his muskets. He amazed the government with his interchangeable parts idea. He did not create the idea although he is often credited with it. Whitney did play an important role in popularizing mass production and interchangeable parts. This system of interchangeable parts played a big role in Northern States. The North was comprised of factories and manufacturing companies. Interchangeable parts made these factories more efficient and productive. This significantly helped boost the economy of Northern States for years to come and has impacted how we manufacture things to this day. Eli Whitney passed away shortly after turning 59. Eli Whitney was an ingenious inventor who had a huge impact on our Nation’s history. Eli helped the South and their economy. Eli’s cotton gin led to an increase in slavery which later helped spark a civil war. Eli Whitney also changed the way the North with interchangeable parts. This technology gave the North the upper hand with better weaponry. Eli Whitney’s invention helped the South’s economy flourish but he also helped the North defeat the South in the American civil war he had a part in starting.

Texting Addictions, How Can They Affect the Addicted Person and You free essay sample

Texting addictions, how can they affect the addicted person and you? If you haven’t noticed, texting can become an addiction and you may not realize it but you may be addicted . Texting addictions are really a problem. They cause so many things. They aren’t something to joke about. They are serious. Research says most teenagers send at least a hundred texts a day. The key words here are â€Å"at least†. Teenagers say texting is addictive. They worry when they don’t get texted back immediately. Without their phones, they feel as if they are missing something. They also get very anxious. Texting causes all kinds of injuries. It causes sleeping disorders, because children and teenagers wake up in the middle of the night just to text people back. They put their phone in a place so that it will wake them up when they get a message. Teenagers and children with phones have thumb injuries, referred to as â€Å"Texting Tendonitis† or â€Å"Nintendonitis†. We will write a custom essay sample on Texting Addictions, How Can They Affect the Addicted Person and You? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can also cause sore wrists. You may end up with neck, shoulder, joint, and elbow pain. In the long run, you could have arthritis. Those pains are because you bend, or â€Å"hunch†, over when you text. And texting to much can cause headaches. A person with a texting addiction sometimes texts in class, while doing homework, and during activities. This can cause bad grades. When they text during class, they get bad daily grades but also bad test grades because they won’t be paying attention. If they don’t pay attention in class they won’t know the material. This will cause them to be unable to study for tests. The people who text while driving also have consequences. They can get tickets and/or fines. Texting addictions have been known to be the cause of many car accidents. If someone is texting while driving, they won’t be watching the road. Consequently they will hit a car, person, or another object. These are just a few effects of texting addictions. There are many more. Well, now you know what can happen.

Challenges, problems and conflicts that may occur in teams Assignment The WritePass Journal

Challenges, problems and conflicts that may occur in teams Assignment Introduction Challenges, problems and conflicts that may occur in teams Assignment ) assert that emerging reliance on organized research is a weakness that has the potential to slow the progress research. Others have widely utilized the challenges to the teamwork concept over the course of the past generation to produce quick and successful project results (Eddy, Tannenbaum and Mathieu 2013). Personal experience has shown that by working with a team and by being a vital part of the effort to find miniscule details in several literary research projects, the team potential for effective decision making is markedly increased (Ibid).   During the challenge to identify specific passages that related to research in the texts,   team efforts aided during the process of wading through a wide range of literature. The experience and camaraderie increased positive feelings, which in turn served to further enhance the research results (Ibid).   Hackman (2011) identifies the clear challenge that the concept of   shared responsibility created between the collaboration group and the team enables a better decision making model. The very first challenge to the concept of teamwork is for management to weigh the effort of team formation versus the streamlined and much less complex individual application (Ibid). However, with only one person on the task, the likelihood of delay or detriment increases (Eddy, Tannenbaum and Mathieu 2013). This is a very effective argument for teams: redundancy. Teamwork has been found to increase the potential for success substantially (Murase, Doty, Wax, Dechurch, and Contractor 2012).   As technology evolves and more resources became available, teams have evolved past the simple construct into a much more complex creation that are commonly able to meet challenges that exist at the start up stage. However, a question that must be asked is if the effort of forming a team offset by the potential knowledge gained from the experience (Ibid)? If the decision can be better   accomplished   alone, the effort of creating a team is not worth the result. Organisational theory is utilized in the effort to streamline business and predict human behaviour that occurs in the organisational setting (Dyer,Dyer, and Dyer 2007).   Teamwork has become a growing challenge in this field as the strength of the potential for gain has been recognized in the business world (Ibid). The Contingency Theory argues that there is no best method to the creation of a team, but each situation is unique and must be fit to the individual application (Decostanza, Dirosa, Rogers, Slaughter, Estrada, and O. 2012). This is a primary challenge that must be addressed in every team operation process. Others cite the process of teamwork decision process as cumbersome and a burden to individual potential (Zingone, Franks, Guirguis, George, Howard-Thompson, and Heidel, R. 2010).   The challenge to the   teamwork decision making concept is that it has the potential to be as positive or detrimental as the members allow.   Personal experience has illustrated how te am decisions and course correction was essential due to the fact that the work simply could not be done by one or two people and benefited from the teams input (Ibid). Further, there were many points of view that required a varied field of knowledge, making team decisions essential.   Finally, the deadline was very short increasing the pressure, which the team was able to minimize (Decostanza et al 2012). It took a team decision that served to guide the project past the difficult points in order to achieving the target goal (Ibid).   A primary challenge from the outset of any team effort is morale and energy (Ibid). Another challenge to an effective team decision making is the creation of a cross functional working environment that will be conducive to supporting the entirety of the effort (Tohidi 2011).   The process of team process requires that the members know how to function and provide incentive (Ibid). Personal experience has demonstrated that   especially as a project begins to develop, the pressure creates issues that cause members of the team to leave, or splinter from the original.   This form of teamwork friction can turn a small issue into a major problem (Beatty et al 2012).   Challenges in this area include disputes over leadership positions which in turn hobbles the entire decision making process and serves to skew the research (Ibid). Beatty et al (2012) Identifies four particular challenges that must be addressed in order to enable a team decision making process to be successful: a) Appropriate formation b) Members are accountable for both individual and team work c) Assignment promotes team development d) Timely communication In each case, careful consideration before implementation has the potential to increase effectiveness consequently reducing issues (Ibid). The creation and implementation of an effective team is essential in the decision making process and is faced with many challenges as the group comes together to find a solution (Dyer et al 2007).   A primary hurdle facing a team is the initial assessment of which person will be best suited to which specific task within the scope of the project (Ibid). As Dyer et al (2007) Illustrates, the role determination at the outset can have a tremendous impact on the subsequent performance of the entire team.   Personal experience has demonstrated the fact that the right leader can make or break a team project from the very beginning (Ibid). Further, primary challenge that the leader will mitigate is the identification of the proper employees to become part of the team decision making experience (Ibid).   Weak leadership in a team setting often leads to many voices, which in turn have a variety of directions and takes away from the capacity to make effective decisions (Ibid).   Leaders in a team provide resources, rewards and management that are effective focusing and maintaining the project goals (Schultz, Wilson, and Hess 2010).   Lacking any one of these elements will quickly become a challenge to the entire organization.   Teams have a real potential to start off well, and then flounder when the perceived leader does not provide the pieces necessary to progress as a group (Ibid).   If there is a method but no practical application for that method, the entire group is left at a standstill. Team leadership is responsible for guiding the members to produce the best effort for the benefit of the entire project (Ibid).   The style of leadership in a teamwork setting is important, as it must fit with the temperament of the project.   A successful team decision is due to the capacity of the leader and team to work together in a positive, upbeat environment (Sarrafzadeh and Williamson 2012).   Leaders that have instilled a sense of doom and gloom have seldom evoked the same level of skill from the teams (Ibid).   Management leadership that is worth their pay assists t development of the teamwork effort while integrating the individual goals with that of the group. Atkinson (2013) defines the role of organisational culture as reflecting the overriding assumption regarding the method of work and the limits of what is and is not acceptable. Principals are often at the heart of dissension in the teamwork environment if there is a lack of structure and coherence during the formation period (Ibid).   Personal experience has illustrated that different team approaches can cause substantial strife. With no clear structure the negative discussion took up vital research time (Ibid). The dynamic of teamwork issues will vary according to the size of the team, the bigger the effort the more complex the application (Goldman, B. and Shapiro 2012).   Research has shown that when working in larger groups, the difficulties are multiplied and the need for coordination is only enhanced as the group grows in scope (Ibid).   Conversely, personal experience with a small team of three or four individuals has the capacity to be as effective as much larger, less c ommunicative teams (Atkinson 2013). Once the team has begun to work issues such as Groupthink must be avoided in order to progress (Sikorski, Johnson, and Ruscher 2012).   As the establishment of routine sets in during the team environment, there is the threat of following the leader (Ibid).   There is the potential for team members   to follow the group, even if they had an opposite opinion (Ibid). This has clear potential to set the entire effort back as it is necessary to go back and deal with the issue.   Further, this mentality lacks creativity and innovative depth that can doom a team’s effort from the very beginning (Ibid).   Tannenbaum, Mathieu, Salas, and Cohen (2012) identify three modern challenges to the operation of an effective team: a) Dynamic composition of the members b) The distance and technology that are involved. c) Empowerment and delayering Personal experience has illustrated that there are significant challenges in each of these areas, particularly cross cultural challenges as research partners are often on completely different sides of the planet (Sweet and Michaelsen 2012). Recent projects commonly have had to include translation programs and uncommon times to meet. In each case the culture and area of my partner serves to influence the project (Ibid). Emerging technology has made it possible to extend the resources which can be a significant enhancement to the team potential (Ibid). Others argue the extreme increase in the cultural diversity of team makeup creates more issues than benefits and adversely impacts the underlying integrity of the study in question (Sweet and Michaelsen 2012).   When an international team first comes together, the very basic elements of language and cultural understanding are very critical points that must be considered as the team is given assignments.   A lack of adequate understan ding of the social dynamics has the potential to not only hobble and slow a team’s efforts, but in very many cases completely derail the process (Ibid). An emerging challenge to any team decision making model is the continuous upgrade and application of technology (Buchanan, and Huczynski 2010). With computers, tablets and mobile computers becoming a vital tool, the mix of the forms of technology can lead to a significant issue. Personal experience with this dilemma came when during the attempted transfer from an Ipad to a research partners PC.   This quickly became an issue as it was necessary to obtain the correct application to make the one program work with the other. Further, this same concept translates into the manner in which the entire team communication effort is managed (Child, 2005).   The method and manner of organization throughout the team process has the potential to create a myriad of issues. The issue of finding emails and means of transferring data from my platforms to the groups is a continuous challenge which creates a situation in which the group cannot fully share scheduling information and updates due to t he different nature of the programs used (Ibid).   Leadership must account for and adapt to the many layered technological nature of the modern work place (Ibid). Conclusion The concept of team decision making in organisational theory is credited with being the next evolution in business. With the evidence presented in the study illustrating many of the potential benefits, there were areas of concern that could serve to diminish many of the expected returns of implementing a team based network. The primary expectation for a team project is the increase in resources and depth, which in turn adds to the capacity to make more informed decisions.   Issues surrounding the team   itself ranging from organisation, leadership, technology and personal cohesiveness all serve to come together to impact the overall effectiveness of the concept.   There is clear evidence to support the assertion that a team can produce better decisions, yet, this is dependent on the unique factors that surround the formation, implementation and result of the team experience. If any one area of the teamwork process is lacking, so too is the final result. Beginning with the determination of needing to form a team, choosing leadership and structure, to communication and goal sharing the team decision making process is a highly complex, delicate instrument that has the potential to make better decisions than past models. In every case, the team has the potential to exceed expectations or fail miserably, which in turn will be determined by the members themselves.   In the end, a team is individuals that share a common vision and the will to make it happen. References Atkinson, P. 2013. Corporate Culture.  Philip Atkinson Consulting, 1 (2), pp. 1-10. [Accessed: 3 Dec 2013]. Beatty, S., Kelley, K., Metzger, A., Bellebaum, K. and Mcauley, J. 2009. Team-based learning in therapeutics workshop sessions.  American journal of pharmaceutical education, 73 (6). Child, J. 2005.  Organization. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.. Decostanza, A., Dirosa, G., Rogers, S., Slaughter, A., Estrada, A. and X, O. 2012. Researching teams: Nothings going to change our world.  Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (1), pp. 3639. Doina, R., Mirela, S. and Constantin, R.. The Organizational Culture and the Factors of its Formation .ANALELE UNIVERSIT\uA\cTII DIN ORADEA, p. 561. Eddy, E., TANNENBAUM, S. and MATHIEU, J. 2013. Helping Teams to Help Themselves.  Personnel Psychology. Goldman, B. and Shapiro, D. 2012.  The psychology of negotiations in the 21st century workplace. New York: Routledge. Hackman, J. 2011.  Collaborative intelligence. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Hirst, G. 2009. Effects of membership change on open discussion and team performance: The moderating role of team tenure.  European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18 (2), pp. 231249. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. 2013.  Organizational behaviour. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Johns, G. and Saks, A. 2011.  MGMT20001 Organisational behaviour. Sydney: Pearson Choices. Murase, T., Doty, D., Wax, A., Dechurch, L. and Contractor, N. 2012. Teams are changing: Time to â€Å"think networks†.  Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (1), pp. 4144. Sarrafzadeh, M. and Williamson, K. 2012. Multicultural, Virtual Work Places: Opportunities and Challenges for LIS Educato.  International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM), 10 (1), pp. 89102. Schultz, J., Wilson, J. and Hess, K. 2010. Team-based classroom pedagogy reframed: The student perspective.  American Journal of Business Education (AJBE), 3 (7). Sikorski, E., Johnson, T. and Ruscher, P. 2012. Team Knowledge Sharing Intervention Effects on Team Shared Mental Models and Student Performance in an Undergraduate Science Course.Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21 (6), pp. 641651. Sweet, M. and Michaelsen, L. 2012.  Team-based learning in the social sciences and humanities. Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub.. Tannenbaum, S., Mathieu, J., Salas, E. and Cohen, D. 2012. Teams are changing: are research and practice evolving fast enough?.  Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (1), pp. 224. Tohidi, H. 2011. Teamwork productivity effectiveness in an organization base on rewards, leadership, training, goals, wage, size, motivation, and measurement and information technology. Islamic Azad University of South Tehran, 3(1) pp. 1137-1146 West, M. and Lyubovnikova, J. 2012. Real teams or pseudo teams? The changing landscape needs a better map.  Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5 (1), pp. 2528. Zingone, M., Franks, A., Guirguis, A., George, C., Howard-Thompson, A. and Heidel, R. 2010. Comparing team-based and mixed active-learning methods in an ambulatory care elective course.  American journal of pharmaceutical education, 74 (9).

The First 30 Days of the George W. Bush Presidency

The First 30 Days of the George W. Bush Presidency Setting priorities for his first term in 1933 was easy for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He had to save America from economic ruin. He had to at least begin to pull us out of our Great Depression. He did it, and he did it during what has now become known as his First Hundred Days† in office. On his first day in office, March 4, 1933, FDR called Congress into a special session. He then proceeded to drive a series of bills through the legislative process that reformed the U.S. banking industry, saved American agriculture and allowed for industrial recovery. At the same time, FDR wielded the executive order in creating the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. These projects put tens of thousands of Americans back to work building dams, bridges, highways and much needed public utility systems. By the time Congress adjourned the special session on June 16, 1933, Roosevelts agenda, the New Deal, was in place. America, though still staggering, was off the mat and back in the fight. Indeed, the successes of Roosevelt’s First 100 Days gave credence to the so-called â€Å"stewardship theory† of the presidency, which contends that the President of the United States has the right, if not the duty, to do whatever best addresses the needs of the American people, within the limits of the Constitution and the law. Not all of the New Deal worked and it took World War II to finally solidify the nations economy. Yet, to this day, Americans still grade the initial performance of all new presidents against Franklin D. Roosevelts First Hundred Days. During their first hundred days, all new Presidents of the United States try to harness the carryover energy of a successful campaign by at least starting to implement the main programs and promises coming from the primaries and debates. The So-Called Honeymoon Period During some part of their first hundred days, Congress,  the press, and some of the American people generally allow new presidents a honeymoon period, during which public criticism is held to a minimum. It is during this totally unofficial and typically fleeting grace period that new presidents often try to get bills through Congress that might face more opposition later in the term. The First Thirty-or-so of the First Hundred Days of George W. Bush Following his inauguration on January 20, 2001, President George W. Bush spent the first one-third of his First 100 Days by: Getting himself and his successors  a raise in presidential salary to $400,000 a year as approved by Congress in the closing days of its last session;Reinstating  the Mexico City policy denying US aid to countries that advocate abortion as a method of family planning;Introducing  a $1.6 trillion tax cutting program to Congress;Launching  a Faith-Based Initiative to help local charitable groups;Launching  a New Freedom Initiative to help disabled Americans;Filling out  his Cabinet including the controversial appointment of John Ashcroft as Attorney General;Welcoming a pistol firing visitor to the White House;Launching renewed air strikes against expanding Iraqi air defense systems.Taking  on big labor unions in government contracting; andFinding  out that an FBI agent may have spent years spying for Russia. So, while there were no depression-busting New Deals or industry-saving reforms, the first 30 days of the presidency of George W. Bush was far from uneventful. Of course, history will show that most of the rest of his 8 years in office would be dominated by dealing with the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terror attack a mere 9 month after his inauguration.

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business Assignment

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business - Assignment Example Economic growth refers to an increase in the size of a country’s national income. It can also be defined as an increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the economy of a country over a given duration. To measure economic growth is to quantify the increase in the welfare of a country and derive with numerical accuracy of this large scale economic and social change. The formula for the calculation of economic growth is outlined below as; Economic Growth= Change in income/ Income of the Previous PeriodÃâ€" 100 Economic growth is crucial to the national economy well-being of any country and; therefore, requires the government to take the necessary actions to help its citizens to enhance that growth. Many factors that promote strong economic growth are connected to the business framework cycle and efforts directed towards improving the living standards for the consumers. Factors that stimulate economic growth are namely, healthy competition within the market place, innovations in technology, increases in labor supply, and expansion in value and extent of the resources available such as land. Other factors include; science progression and productive knowledge, growth of individual skills and government incentives, the cultivation of new markets in emerging nations, and finally the investment in foreign ventures all are stimulants of a strong economic growth. Central bank is a bank that is owned and operated by the government. It is also a government bank and a banker’s bank. The centr al bank stimulates strong economic growth by conducting monetary policy that controls the money supply in the economy and hence generates more production and high living standards. The central bank also maintains the stability of exchange rates, ensures equitable distribution of income, stable prices of commodities and high levels of employment as ways of influencing the economic expansion. The government banker also sets the official rates of interest that are utilized to manage inflation so that economic growth can be positive and quantifiable. A trade deficit arises when a country buys or imports more than it sells or exports to other countries. A trade deficit is not necessarily undesirable. It bestows benefits and carries some costs and the benefits may outweigh the costs. Trade deficits are a vehicle for extending the gains from trade, where lending and borrowing among nations can lead to a more saving allocation efficiency, and preferred consumption pattern overtime (Sloman, John & Mark 24). Trade deficits do not necessarily cause slower economic growth or lead to any economy-wide job losses. However, a persistent trade deficit is harmful to the national economy since it may decrease aggregate demand and also reduce the actual Gross Domestic product by diverting manpower and finances from competing ventures like imports and exports where these resources are required most due to their productivity. Another consequence is the high levels of foreign investment into the deficit country. This has the effect of hurting investment locally as local investors prefer to keep assets than invest them due to their favorable nature. A persistent high trade deficit in a country can cause economic hardship in the long run in case of changes in political leadership or the beginning of a war. Persistent trade deficits tend to make countries more exposed to global variations in costs and products. This vulnerability though short-lived can produce risks that are highly une xpected for investors. International financial and monetary activities are becoming more integrated since they bring the countries involved more extensive international